| aldehyde transhydrogenase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the final step of alcoholic fermentation by reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol. In the case of ethanol, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen. The enzyme is a zinc protein which acts on primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals. Chemical name: Alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.1.1.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
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| aldehyde-ketone transferases | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ketone residues. Registry number: EC 2.2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldehyde-lyases | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction is the reverse of an aldol condensation. These enzymes are also known as aldolases. Registry number: EC 4.1.2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldehydes | A large class of organic compounds containing the -cho radical, oxidised to acids and reduced to alcohols. Aldehydes are indicated by the prefix oxo- (for o of co) or formyl- (for cho), or by the suffix -al, -dial, -trial, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldehydic | <chemistry> Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as, aldehydic acid. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| aldehydic acid | <biochemistry> Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-cooh) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-cho). (12 Dec 1998) |
| alder | <botany> A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. The species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. Black alder. A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata), bearing red berries. Origin: OE. Aldir, aller, fr. AS. Alr, aler, alor, akin to D. Els, G. Erle, Icel. Erlir, erli, Swed. Al, Dan. Elle, el, L. Alnus, and E. Elm. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Alder bodies | Granular inclusions in polymorphonuclear leukocytes; they take on a dark colour with Giemsa-Wright stain and react metachromatically with toluidine blue. See: Alder's anomaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Alder's anomaly | Coarse azurophilic granulation of leukocytes, especially granulocytes, which may be associated with gargoylism and Morquio's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Alder, Albert von | <person> See: Alder's anomaly, Alder bodies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldicarb | <chemical> A colourless, water-insoluble, sulphur-containing chemical that is used as an insecticide and to kill nematode worms. (06 May 1997) |
| aldimine | The reaction of a primary amine with an aldehyde or ketone yields an imine sometimes called a Schiff base. When an arylamine is used the Schiff base may form an intermediate in a staining reaction, for example for polysaccharides. (18 Nov 1997) |
| alditol | The polyalcohol derived by reduction of an aldose; e.g., sorbitol. See: aldose reductase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldobiuronic acid | Condensation products of an aldose and a uronic acid; such groupings occur among the components of various mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldocortin | <endocrinology, hormone> A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, that controls salt and water balance in the kidney. Abnormally high levels of this hormone cause sodium retention, high blood pressure, heart rhythum irregularities and possibly paralysis (18 Nov 1997) |