| SRF | severe renal failure; skin reactive factor; somatotropin-releasing factor; split renal function; sub... |
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| TAF | albumose-free tuberculin [Ger. Tuberculin Albumose frei]; tissue angiogenesis factor; toxin-antitoxi... |
| TCF | tissue coding factor; total coronary flow; transcription factor |
| TDF | testis-determining factor; thoracic duct fistula; thoracic duct flow; time-dose fractionation; tissu... |
| TEF | thermic effect of food; thyrotroph embryonic factor; tracheoesophageal fistula; transcriptional enha... |
| elongation factor | <biochemistry> Peptidyltransferase components of ribosomes that catalyse formation of the acyl bond between the incoming amino acid residue and the peptide chain. There are three classes of elongation factor: EF1_ (EF Tu in prokaryotes) binds GTP and aminoacyl tRNA, delivering it to the A site of ribosomes. EF 1_ (EF Ts) helps in regeneration of GTP EF 1_. EF 2 (EF G) binds GTP and peptidyl tRNA and translocates it from the A site to the P site. Diptheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes by adding an ADP ribosyl group to a modified histidine residue (dipthamide) in elongation factor II. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| transcription factor | <molecular biology> Protein required for recognition by RNA polymerases of specific stimulatory sequences in eukaryotic genes. Several are known that activate transcription by RNA polymerase II when bound to upstream promoters. Transcription of the 5S RNA gene in Xenopus by RNA polymerase III is dependent on a 40 kD protein TFIIIA that binds to a regulatory site in the centre of the gene and was the first protein found to exhibit the metal binding domains known as zinc fingers. (17 Mar 1998) |
| transcription factor ap-1 | A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerise in order to bind to the ap-1 recognition site, also known as the tpa-responsive element (tre). Ap-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcription factor, sp1 | Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the gc box, one of the upstream promoter elements (upe) in mammalian cells. The binding of sp1 is necessary to initiate transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral genes including c-ha-ras and HIV. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transfer factor | A dialysable factor obtained from sensitised T-cells by freezing and thawing, that may possibly immunopotentiate animals.The transfer of specific immunity from one animal to another has been claimed. (18 Nov 1997) |
| transmethylation factor | <biochemistry> Esterified in the head group of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Otherwise a biological source of methyl groups. (18 Nov 1997) |
| endothelial relaxing factor | A molecule functioning as a neurotransmitter and produced by activated macrophages. It is capable of killing tumour cells, parasites, and intracellular bacteria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endothelium-derived growth factor synthase | <enzyme> Converts l-arginine to a smooth muscle relaxing factor and stimulates the formation of cyclic-GMP Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- Synonym: edrf synthase (26 Jun 1999) |
| endothelium derived relaxation factor | <biochemistry> This compound is produced from L arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Acts as a potent vasorelaxant via elevation of intracellular cGMP in vascular smooth muscle. Synthesis of nitric oxide is not confined to endothelium, isoforms of nitric oxide synthase are also found in brain, neutrophils and platelets. Synonym: endothelium derived relaxation factor. Acronym: NO (29 Dec 1997) |
| endothelium-derived relaxing factor | A labile humoral agent released by the vascular endothelium that mediates the relaxation induced by some vasodilators such as acetylcholine and bradykinin. Edrf also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. These actions are believed to be mediated through stimulation of guanylate cyclase and the consequent elevation of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Edrf is thought to be nitric oxide or a ready source of it. The factor is believed to be unstable and acts only locally in vivo. (12 Dec 1998) |
| eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis | A peptide (MW 500 to 600) that is chemotactic for eosinophilic leukocytes and is released from disrupted mast cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| epidermal growth factor | <growth factor> A mitogenic polypeptide initially isolated from male mouse submaxillary gland. The name refers to the early bioassay, but epidermal growth factor is active on a variety of cell types, especially but not exclusively epithelial. Human equivalent originally named urogastrone owing to its hormone activity. Acronym: EGF (18 Nov 1997) |
| epidermal growth factor receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | <enzyme> The catalytic protein-tyrosine kinase domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of epidermal growth factor receptor. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| epidermal growth factor-urogastrone | <chemical> Single chain, nonhelical, acidic polypeptides of about 52 amino acids found in most mammals. Epidermal growth factor and urogastrone are not identical but seem to share biological acivities. They promote growth of, and cell proliferation in, certain tissues, especially epidermal structures and inhibit acid secretion by the stomach. They have been used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. Chemical name: Epidermal growth factor (12 Dec 1998) |
| erythrocyte maturation factor | <biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, important in the proper function of the nervous system and important in proper carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. (27 Sep 1997) |