Smith's dis
strychnine
| Parkinson's disease | <neurology> A progressive, neurological disease first described in 1817 by James Parkinson. The pathology is not completely understood, but there appears to be consistent changes in the melanin-containing nerve cells in the brainstem (substantia nigra, locus coeruleus), where there are varying degrees of nerve cell loss with reactive gliosis along with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies). Biochemical studies have shown below normal levels of dopamine in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Symptoms include shuffling gait, stooped posture, resting tremor, speech impediments, movement difficulties and an eventual slowing of mental processes and dementia. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| parrot disease | <chest medicine, disease> Psittacosis is primarily an infectious disease of birds caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. Transmission from infected birds results in a relatively rare febrile illness characterised by pneumonia and systemic symptoms. A flu-like illness can also occur. Almost any bird can harbor this bacterium in their excreta, tissues, feathers and secretions, but parrots, parakeets and budgerigars are the most common. Psittacosis is considered an occupational disease of pet shop owners. Psittacosis is almost always transmitted to humans by the respiratory route. Average incubation is 7-14 days. (27 Sep 1997) |
| Parrot's disease | Pseudoparalysis in infants, due to syphilitic osteochondritis. Synonym: marasmus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| parry's disease | Toxic multinodular goiter. Named for the english physician caleb hillier parry (1755-1822). Also called plummer's disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Gierke's disease | Glycogenosis due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, resulting in accumulation of excessive amounts of glycogen of normal chemical structure, particularly in liver and kidney. Synonym: Gierke's disease, glucose-6-phosphatase hepatorenal glycogenosis, von Gierke's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| castleman disease | <radiology> Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, benign lymphoid hyperplasia, massively enlarged lymph nodes, mediastinum most common; rarely in mesentery, age less than 30 yrs, types: hyaline vascular (90%), asymptomatic, vascular proliferation and hyalinization, plasma cell (10%), fever, anaemia, increased sed rate, increased IgG (12 Dec 1998) |
| Castleman's disease | Solitary masses of lymphoid tissue containing concentric perivascular aggregates of lymphocytes, occurring usually in the mediastinum or hilar region of young adults; similar changes have been reported outside the mediastinum and, if associated with interfollicular sheets of plasma cells, may progress to lymphoma or plasmacytoma. Synonym: angiofollicular mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia, Castleman's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gilbert's disease | A benign familial disorder, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterised by low-grade chronic hyperbilirubinaemia with considerable daily fluctuations of the bilirubin level. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Gilchrist's disease | <disease> A fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. This rare fungal infection may produce inflammatory lesion of the skin or lungs or present as a disseminated disease to the skin, lungs, bones, liver, spleen and central nervous system. Uncommon unless patient is immunocompromised (AIDS). (27 Sep 1997) |
| Gilles de la Tourette's disease | <syndrome> Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics present with tics occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (dsm-IV, 1994) (12 Dec 1998) |
| cat-bite disease | Rat-bite fever, presumably spread from rats to cats and thus to humans. Synonym: cat-bite fever. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reflux disease, gastroesophageal | The stomach contents regurgitate and back up (reflux) into the oesophagus the food in the stomach is partially digested by stomach acid and enzymes. Normally, the partially digested acid content in the stomach is delivered by the stomach muscle down into the small intestine for further digestion. With oesophageal reflux, stomach acid content refluxes back up into the oesophagus, occasionally reaching the breathing passages, causing inflammation and damage to the oesophagus, as well as to the lung and larynx (the voice box). 10% of patients with gerd develop barrett's oesophagus, a risk fractor in cancer of the oesophagus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Vidal's disease | An obsolete term for lichen simplex chronicus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cat-scratch disease | <disease> A self-limiting bacterial infection of the regional lymph nodes (lymphadenitis) caused by afipia felis, a gram-negative bacterium recently identified as bartonella henselae. It usually arises one or more weeks following a feline scratch, with raised inflammatory nodules at the site of the scratch being the primary symptom. It results in tender and enlarged lymph glands above the site of injury. A chronic benign adenopathy, especially in children and young adults, commonly associated with a recent cat scratch or bite and caused by bacteria including Bartonella henselae and Alipia felis; the lymphadenopathy usually resolves spontaneously within a period of several months, but complications involving central nervous system, liver, spleen, lung, and skin have been seen. Synonym: benign inoculation lymphoreticulosis, benign inoculation reticulosis, cat-scratch fever, regional granulomatous lymphadenitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refsum disease | A chronic progressive peripheral neuropathy which is probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Some of the manifestations of this disorder are atypical retinitis pigmentosa, cerebellar ataxia, and increased cerebrospinal protein levels. Excessive phytanic acid storage has been found in most cases. Onset of symptoms usually occurs in early childhood. Infantile refsum disease (see peroxisomal disorders) differs in that it also includes mental retardation, dysmorphic features, peroxisomal deficiency, and very early onset. (12 Dec 1998) |