| interleukin-10 | <cytokine> A factor produced by Th2 helper T-cells, some B-cells and LPS activated monocytes. It is a coregulator of mast cell growth. It is produced by T-cells and B-cells and shows extensive homology with the Epstein-Barr virus bcrfi gene. Chemical name: Cytokine formation-inhibiting factor (mouse clone F115 protein moiety reduced) Acronym: IL-10 (12 Dec 1998) |
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| interleukin-11 | <cytokine> Pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from primate bone marrow stromal cell line that has the ability to modulate antigen-specific antibody responses, potentiate megakaryocytes, and regulate bone marrow adipogenesis. Stimulates T-cell dependent B-cell maturation, megakaryopoiesis, various stages of myeloid differentiation. Receptor probably a tyrosine kinase. Acronym: IL-11 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-12 | <cytokine> A 75 kD heterodimeric cytokine composed of disulfide-bonded 40 kD and 35 kD subunits that was originally identified by its ability to induce cytotoxic effector cells in synergy with less than optimal concentrations of interleukin-2. It is released by macrophages in response to infection and promotes the activation of cell-mediated immunity. Specifically, IL-12 triggers the maturation of Thl CD4 cells, specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and an increase in the activity of NK cells and consequently, it is the initiator of cell-mediated immunity. It enhances the lytic activity of NK cells, induces interferon production, stimulates the proliferation of activated T-cells and NK cells. Is secreted by human B lymphoblastoid cells (NC 37). May play a role in controlling immunoglobulin isotype selection as it also inhibits IgE synthesis (even in the presence of anti-IFN monoclonal antibody) and as a growth factor for activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells independently of interleukin-2, and for CD56+ NK cells but not resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells or resting or activated tonsillar B-cells. It is likely that interleukin 12 has a major role in protective immunity against viruses and is under study as an immunotherapy in HIV infection. Formerly referred to as cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor. Acronym: IL-12 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-13 | <cytokine> A T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-lymphocytes. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses and has anti-inflammatory activity. Produced by activated T-cells, inhibits IL-6 production by monocytes and also the production of other pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, IL-8. Stimulates B-cells. Gene is located in cluster of genes on human chromosome 5q that also has IL-4 gene. Acronym: IL-13 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-14 | Cytokine that induces B-cell proliferation, inhibits immunoglobulin secretion, and selectively expands certain B-cell subpopulations. Acronym: IL-14 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-15 | Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and shares biological activities with il-2. Il-15 also can induce b-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Acronym: IL-15 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-16 | Cytokine produced by activated T-lymphocytes that stimulates the migration of CD4-positive lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication. (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-2 | <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. It is secreted by Thl CD4 cells to stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T-1yrnphocytes. Interleukin 2 also increases the proliferation and maturation of the CD4 cells themselves. During HIV infection, Interleukin-2 production gradually declines. Use of interleukin 2 therapy is under study as a way to raise CD4 cell counts and restore immune function. Acronym: IL-2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-3 | <cytokine> Product of mitogen activated T-cells: colony-stimulating factor for bone marrow stem cells and mast cells. A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells. It is considered one of the haematopoietic colony-stimulating factors. Synonym: multi-CSF Acronym: IL-3 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-4 | <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other haematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. Acronym: IL-4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-5 | <cytokine> A factor promoting eosinophil differentiation and activation in haematopoiesis. It also triggers activated B-cells for a terminal differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. Acronym: IL-5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-6 | <cytokine> A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. A single chain 25 kD cytokine originally described as a pre B-cell growth factor, now known to have effects on a number of other cells including T-cells which are also stimulated to proliferate. An inducer of acute phase proteins and a colony-stimulating factor acting on mouse bone marrow. Acronym: IL-6 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-7 | <cytokine> A haematopoietic growth factor that promotes growth of B-cell precursors and is also co-mitogenic with interleukin-2 for mature T-cell activation. It is produced by bone marrow stromal cells. Acronym: IL-7 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-8 | <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily and structurally related to platelet factor 4. Acronym: IL-8 (12 Dec 1998) |
| interleukin-9 | <cytokine> Cytokine produced by T-cells, particularly when mitogen stimulated, that stimulates the proliferation of erythroid precursor cells (BFU E). It is thought to be a regulator of haematopoiesis and may act synergistically with erythropoietin. Receptor belongs to haemopoietic receptor super family. It has been shown to enhance the growth of human mast cells and megakaryoblastic leukaemic cells as well as murine helper T-cell clones. Il-9 is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 32-39 that is derived from T-cells, and maps to human chromosome 5. Acronym: IL-9 (12 Dec 1998) |
Synonyms : Filament, Intermediate, Filaments, Intermediate, Intermediate Filament, Tonofilament
Synonyms : FIK Channel, Fibroblast Intermediate Conductance Potassium Channel, IK Potassium Channels, Intermediate Conductance Calcium Activated Potassium Channels, Potassium Channels, IK, Potassium Channels, Intermediate Conductance Calcium Activated
Synonyms : Claudication, Intermittent, Claudications, Intermittent, Intermittent Claudications
Synonyms : Pneumatic Compression Hose, Pneumatic Hose, Pneumatic Intermittent Impulse Device, Compression Hose, Pneumatic, Compression Stocking, Pneumatic, Compression Stockings, Pneumatic, Hose, Pneumatic, Hose, Pneumatic Compression, Pneumatic Compression Stocking
Synonyms : Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB), Breathing, Inspiratory Positive-Pressure, Breathing, Intermittent Positive-Pressure, Inspiratory Positive Pressure Breathing, Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing, Positive-Pressure Breathing, Inspiratory
| intervention |
the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute) a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries (law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so that person can protect some right or interest that is allegedly affected by the proceedings; "the purpose of intervention is to prevent unnecessary duplication of lawsuits"
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| internal ear |
inner ear: a complex system of interconnecting cavities; concerned with hearing and equilibrium
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| internal |
happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface; "internal organs"; "internal mechanism of a toy"; "internal party maneuvering" occurring within an institution or community; "intragroup squabbling within the corporation" home(a): inside the country; "the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior"; "the nation's internal politics" inner: located inward; "Beethoven's manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle"- Leonard Bernstein; "she thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it"- David Denby; "an internal sense of rightousness"- A.R.Gurney,Jr. inner: innermost or essential; "the inner logic of Cubism"; "the internal contradictions of the theory"; "the intimate structure of matter"
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| interchange |
exchange: give to, and receive from, one another; "Would you change places with me?"; "We have been exchanging letters for a year" a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams mutual interaction; the activity of reciprocating or exchanging (especially information) counterchange: cause to change places; "interchange this screw for one of a smaller size" exchange: reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money especially the currencies of different countries; "he earns his living from the interchange of currency" reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| internal iliac artery |
the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas
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| inter | someone who intrudes on the privacy or property of another without permission |
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| inter | a brief show (music or dance etc) performed between the sections of another performance |
| inter | an intervening period or episode |
| inter | perform an interlude, as on a musical instrument |
| inter | occur as an interlude |
| inter | marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law |
| inter | marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than your own as required by custom or law |
| inter | marry within the same ethnic, social, or family group |
| inter | the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone |
| inter | a negotiator who acts as a link between parties |
| inter | a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained |
| inter | act between parties with a view to reconciling differences |