| progressive infantile spinal muscular atrophy | Transmitted as autosomal recessive on chromosome 5q. Progressive dysfunction of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and brainstem cranial nerves with profound weakness and bulbar dysfunction occurring in the first two years of life. Three groups, based on age of clinical onset, are recognised. Synonym: familial spinal muscular atrophy, Hoffmann's muscular atrophy, infantile muscular atrophy, infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy, progressive infantile spinal muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Werdnig-Hoffmann muscular atrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| progressive spinal amyotrophy | A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. (27 Sep 1997) |
| progressive spinal muscular atrophy | One of the subgroups of motor neuron disease; a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, manifested as progressive, often symmetrical, weakness and wasting, typically beginning in the distal portions of the limbs, particularly in the upper extremities, and spreading proximally; fasciculation potentials are often present, but evidence of corticospinal tract disease (e.g., increased deep tendon reflexes, Babinski sign) is not. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hereditary spinal ataxia | Sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord, occurring in children and marked by ataxia in the lower extremities, extending to the upper, followed by paralysis and contractures; autosomal recessive inheritance. See: spinocerebellar ataxia. Synonym: Friedreich's ataxia, heredotaxia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high spinal anaesthesia | Spinal anaesthesia in which the level of sensory denervation extends to the second or third thoracic dermatome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| segments of spinal cord | Portions of the spinal cord corresponding to the line of attachment of the roots of the individual spinal nerves. These are the cervical spinal cord segments [C1-C8]; the thoracic spinal cord segments [T1-T12]; the lumbar spinal cord segments Origin: L1-L5]; the sacral spinal cord segments [S1-S5]; and the coccygeal spinal cord segments [Co1-Co3]. Synonym: segmenta medullae spinalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hyperbaric spinal anaesthesia | Spinal anaesthesia in which spread of local anaesthetic solution in the subarachnoid space is controlled by adjusting the position of the patient when the density of local anaesthetic is made greater than the density of cerebrospinal fluid (i.e., hyperbaric) by the addition of glucose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hypobaric spinal anaesthesia | <anaesthetics> Spinal anaesthesia in which spread of local anaesthetic solution in the subarachnoid space is controlled by adjusting the position of the patient when the density of the local anaesthetic solution is made less than the density of cerebrospinal fluid (i.e., hypobaric) by the addition of distilled water. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hysterical spinal neuralgia | Simulating Pott's disease, following a trauma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spastic spinal paralysis | A type of cerebral palsy in which there is bilateral spasticity, with the lower extremities more severely affected. Compare: flaccid paralysis. Synonym: Erb-Charcot disease, infantile diplegia, Little's disease, spastic spinal paralysis, tabes spasmodica. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal | <anatomy> Pertaining to a spine or to the vertebral column. Origin: L. Spinalis (18 Nov 1997) |
| spinal accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The eleventh cranial nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. (27 Sep 1997) |
| spinal anaesthesia | A form of regional anaesthesia that involves the injection of an anaesthetic into the epidural space (in the spinal canal), at predetermined location along the spine, to produce anaesthesia in all body regions that are supplied by nerves that arise below the anatomic region of the block. Often used for obstetrical procedures. Origin: Gr. Aisthesis = sensation (27 Sep 1997) |
| spinal anaesthetic | A local anaesthetic agent producing loss of sensation when injected into the subarachnoid space. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal analgesia | Euphemism for spinal anaesthesia. (05 Mar 2000) |