| propionyl-CoA | The coenzyme A thioester derivative of propionic acid; an intermediate in the degradation of l-valine, l-isoleucine, l-threonine, l-methionine, and odd-chain fatty acids; a precursor for the synthesis of odd-chain fatty acids; it accumulates in individuals with a deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyses the reaction of propionyl-CoA with CO2 and ATP to produce ADP, inorganic phosphate, and d-methylmalonyl-CoA; a biotin-dependent enzyme; an inherited deficiency of this enzyme will lead to propionic acidemia and developmental retardation. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| propionyl-CoA carboxylase | <enzyme> See also propionyl CoA carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing) (EC 6.4.1.4) Registry number: EC 4.1.1.41 Synonym: methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, propionyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| propionyl CoA hydrolase | <enzyme> Nadh sensitive; found in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of rat; prevents a deterimental increase of propionyl-CoA in mitochondria; mw at least 240 kD Registry number: EC 3.1.2.- Synonym: propionyl coenzyme a hydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| HMG-CoA | <abbreviation> Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA. (05 Mar 2000) |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitor | Drugs, such as lovastatin and pravastatin, which interfere with the biosynthesis of cholesterol; used to treat hyperlipidemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| HMG-CoA reductase phosphatase | <enzyme> Similar to phosphoprotein phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.16 Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- Synonym: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase phosphatase (26 Jun 1999) |
| hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA-tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase | <enzyme> Catalyses synthesis of n-(hydroxycinnamoyl)tyramine; isolated from nicotiana tabacum Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: tht enzyme (26 Jun 1999) |
| short-chain beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase | <enzyme> Forms trans-2-enoyl-CoA; maximal activity with trans-2-hexenoyl-CoA, followed by crotonyl-CoA; not the same as EC 4.2.1.17 Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- Synonym: beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrase, short-chain beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme a dehydrase (26 Jun 1999) |
| hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors | Compounds that inhibit hmg-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductases | <enzyme> In the biosynthesis of cholesterol, these enzymes catalyze the reduction of one of the carboxyl groups of beta-hydroxy, beta-methylglutaryl CoA to yield mevalonic acid.4 requires NADP, EC 1.1.1.88 requires NAD. Chemical name: (S)-Mevalonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating) Registry number: EC 1.1.1.88 (12 Dec 1998) |
| hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. This is a key enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Chemical name: (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase (CoA-acetylating) Registry number: EC 4.1.3.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| hydroxymethylgutaryl-CoA hydrolase | <enzyme> May be important in regulating mammalian cholesterol synthesis Registry number: EC 3.1.2.5 Synonym: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme a hydrolase, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme a deacylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| sphingosine CoA-independent transacetylase | <enzyme> Transfers the acetate group from platelet-activating factor (paf) to sphingosine forming n-acetylsphingosine (c2-ceramide) Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: platelet-activating factor-sphingosine transacetylase, paf-sphingosine transacetylase, paf-sph transacetylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of oleoyl-CoA, a, and water from stearoyl-CoA, ah2, and oxygen where ah2 is an unspecified hydrogen donor. Chemical name: Stearoyl-CoA,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.14.99.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| stearyl-CoA | Stearyl-coenzyme A The coenzyme A thioester of stearic acid; precursor to oleic acid and, in the brain, the C22 and C24 fatty acids present in sphingomyelins; in the brain, use of stearyl-CoA increases during myelination. (05 Mar 2000) |