| interference dissociation | The simultaneous operation of two separate cardiac pacemaking foci that are unassociated because of interference (a normal physiologic phenomenon) due to rendering their respective territories refractory to each other. Usually atrioventricular dissociation is indicated, the rates being quite close to each other with the atrial rate slightly faster than that of the pacemaker in control of the ventricles. Capture is in either direction, usually the ventricle by the atrium, in incomplete dissociation. H Synonym: dissociation by interference. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| interference figure | <microscopy> The conoscopic pattern of extinction positions of a crystal superimposed on the pattern of interference colours corresponding to the full cone of directions by which the crystal is illuminated, each direction showing its own interference colour. (05 Aug 1998) |
| interference microscope | <instrument> A specially constructed microscope in which the entering light is split into two beams which pass through the specimen and are recombined in the image plane where the interference effects make the transparent (invisible) refractile object details become visible as intensity differences; permits measurements of light retardation, index of refraction, and thickness and mass of specimen; it is useful in the examination of living or unstained cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| interference microscopy | <procedure> Although all image formation depends on interference, the term is generally restricted to systems in which contrast comes from the recombination of a reference beam with light that has been retarded by passing through the object. Because the phase retardation is a consequence of the difference in refractive index between specimen and medium and because the the refractive increment is almost the same for all biological molecules, it is possible to measure the amount of dry mass per unit area of the specimen by measuring the phase retardation. Quantification of the phase retardation is usually done by using a compensator to reduce the bright object to darkness (see Senarmont and Ehrlinghaus compensators). Two major optical systems have been used the Jamin Lebedeff system and the Mach Zehnder system. These instruments are often referred to as interferometers, since they are designed for measuring phase retardation. Although their use has passed out of fashion, it may be that they will be employed more frequently in future in conjunction with image analysing systems. (18 Nov 1997) |
| interference reflection microscopy | <procedure> An optical technique for detecting the topography of the side of a cell in contact with a planar substrate and for providing information on the separation of the plasmalemma from the substrate. Interference between the reflections from the substrate medium interface and the reflections from the plasmalemma medium interface generate the image. (18 Nov 1997) |
| interferometer | <radiobiology> Device which measures changes in a medium by looking at effects on the interference of two waves which are passed through that medium. See: interferometry, laser interferometer, optical inteferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, microwave interferometer. (09 Oct 1997) |
| interferometry | <radiobiology> Method of gathering information about a medium by using an interferometer or similar technique. Optical - Uses light as the wave to be interfered. Microwave - Uses microwaves instead. Microwave interferometry is especially useful in plasma physics for measuring plasma densities. (09 Oct 1997) |
| interferon | <cytokine> A family of glycoproteins derived from human cells which normally has a role in fighting viral infections by preventing virus multiplication in cells. They are secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers and confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. Interferon-alpha is made by leucocytes and interferon-gamma by fibroblasts after viral infection. Interferon-alpha and -beta are also called type I interferons, interferon-gamma as Type II interferons, more usually classed as cytokines. Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiviral agents. (20 Sep 2002) |
| interferon inducers | Agents that promote the production and release of interferons. They include mitogens, lipopolysaccharides, and the synthetic polymers poly a-u and poly I-c. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been also known to induce interferons. (12 Dec 1998) |
| interferon type I | <chemical> Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (interferon-alpha and interferon-beta). Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiviral agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| interferon type II | <chemical> The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon (interferon type I) and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiviral agents. Chemical name: Interferon-gamma (human lymphocyte protein moiety reduced) (12 Dec 1998) |
| interferon-alpha | <cytokine> One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, causes activation of NK cells. It is used experimentally in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia. A number of different subtypes exist that are elaborated by leukocytes in response to viral infection or stimulation with double-stranded RNA; IFN-alpha-2A and -2B are protein products made by recombinant DNA techniques and are used as antineoplastic agents. See: interferon-alpha 2a, interferon-alpha 2b Synonym: leukocyte interferon. Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiviral agent. (20 Sep 2002) |
| interferon-alpha 2a | <cytokine> Interferon a (human leukocyte protein moiety reduced). A type I interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with lysine in position 23. This protein is produced by recombinant DNA technology and resembles interferon secreted by leukocytes. It is used extensively as an antiviral or antineoplastic agent. Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiviral agents. Chemical name: Interferon-alphaA (human leukocyte protein moiety reduced) (12 Dec 1998) |
| interferon-alpha 2b | <chemical> Interferon alpha 2b (human leukocyte clone hif-sn 206 protein moiety reduced). A type I interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23. This protein is produced by recombinant DNA technology and resembles interferon secreted by leukocytes. It is used extensively as an antiviral or antineoplastic agent. Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, antiviral agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| interferon-b2 | <cytokine> A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. A single chain 25 kD cytokine originally described as a pre B-cell growth factor, now known to have effects on a number of other cells including T-cells which are also stimulated to proliferate. An inducer of acute phase proteins and a colony-stimulating factor acting on mouse bone marrow. Acronym: IL-6 (12 Dec 1998) |
Synonyms : Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 2 Chain, Interleukin-12 Receptor p35 Subunit, Interleukin 12 Receptor beta 2 Chain, Interleukin 12 Receptor beta 2 Subunit, Interleukin 12 Receptor p35 Subunit
Synonyms : IL-12p35, Interleukin 12a, Interleukin-12 p35, Interleukin 12 Subunit p35, Interleukin 12 p35, Subunit p35, Interleukin-12
Synonyms : IL-12p40, Interleukin-12 beta Chain, Interleukin-12, 23 p40 Subunit, Interleukin-12b, Interleukin-23 Subunit p40, Chain, Interleukin-12 beta, Interleukin 12 Subunit p40, Interleukin 12 beta Chain, Interleukin 12, 23 p40 Subunit, Interleukin 12b
Synonyms : IL 13, IL13, Interleukin 13
Synonyms : CD213a1 Antigen, IL-13Ralpha1, Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Chain, Antigen, CD213a1, Antigens, CD213a1, CD213a1, Antigens, Interleukin 13 Receptor alpha1 Chain, Interleukin 13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit, Interleukin 4, 13 Receptor Shared Subunit
| intracellular |
located or occurring within a cell or cells; "intracellular fluid"
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| intermittent tetanus |
tetany: clinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizures; associated with calcium deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) or vitamin D deficiency or alkalosis
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| internal auditory artery |
labyrinthine artery: a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| intelligence quotient |
a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test; the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100)
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| internal auditory vein |
labyrinthine vein: veins that drain the inner ear
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| INT | capable of replacing or changing places with something else |
|---|---|
| INT | (mathematics, logic) such that the arguments or roles can be interchanged |
| INT | the quality of being capable of exchange or interchange |
| INT | in an interchangeable manner |
| INT | occurring between or among or common to different churches or denominations |
| INT | used of competition between colleges or universities |
| INT | a communication system linking different rooms within a building or ship etc |
| INT | the loudspeaker on an inter-com or public address system |
| INT | transmit thoughts or feelings |
| INT | be interconnected, afford passage |
| INT | mutual communication |
| INT | a communication system linking different rooms within a building or ship etc |