| syndrome, turner-kieser | See nail-patella syndrome turner in 1933 described two families with the disease. The name turner is more closely associated with the xo syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| syndrome, von hippel-lindau | The cardinal features of von hippel-lindau (vhl) syndrome are benign blood-vessel tumours that most typically affect the eye and the brain. The eye tumours are termed angiomata and are in the retina. The brain tumours are termed haemangioblastoma and are in the cerebellum. Vhl is complex. There can also be blood-vessel tumours (haemangiomata) in the spinal cord, adrenal glands, liver, and lungs. Pheochromocytoma (a benign tumour of adrenal-like tissue) occurs in some patients. The combination of high blood pressure (hypertension) with angioma may cause bleeding under the skull (subarachnoid haemorrhage). Kidney tumours (like hypernephromas) may be malignant and metastasize. An abnormal elevation of red blood cells (polycythemia) can be due to the haemangioblastoma of the cerebellum or the hypernephroma. Multiple cysts can occur in the pancreas and kidneys. Patients with kidney problems or pancreatic cysts do not have pheochromocytoma, and visa versa. Lab findings in vhl may include high calcium (hypercalcaemia) and low potassium (hypokalaemia) occurring with the pheochromocytoma. Vhl is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes is dominant over the normal gene with which it is paired so that one vhl gene is sufficient to cause the vhl syndrome. If a person has vhl, the chance for each of their children to receive the vhl gene is one-half (50%). The vhl gene has been mapped to chromosome 3 (the 3rd volume in the book of life) in region 3p26-p25. The vhl gene has the characteristics of a tumour-suppressor gene. The person with vhl inherits one inactive copy of the vhl gene (a germline mutation) from one of their parents. But the normal gene with which it is paired is still enough to suppress the formation of a tumour. Then, in one cell in the vhl patient's body, another mutation (a somatic mutation) occurs, inactivating the vhl gene. Thus, both copies of the vhl gene are inactivated and a tumour arises in the vhl patient. The syndrome is named for the german ophthalmologist eugen von hippel who described the charcteristic eye blood-vessel tumours in 1904 and the swedish pathologist arvid lindau who recognised the association between the eye tumours and the blood-vessel tumours of the cerebellum and other parts of the central nervous system in 1926-7. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, yeast | The yeast Candida has been thought to cause a syndrome with a number of non-specific problems including fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, short-attention span, depression and all manner of intestinal irregularities. There is no scientific evidence to support the existence of the yeast syndrome (also called the yeast connection). (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndromes of paranasal sinuses | <radiology> Gardner: osteomas, Kartagener: chronic infection, basal cell-nevoid, neurofibromatosis, Down (trisomy 21): hypoplastic frontal, sphenoid, with or without ethmoid, progeria: absent frontal sinuses; dwarf, immature, cleidocranial dysostosis: all sinuses absent/small (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndromic | Relating to a syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| synechia | <medicine> A disease of the eye, in which the iris adheres to the cornea or to the capsule of the crystalline lens. Origin: NL, fr. Gr, fr. To hold together; with + to hold. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| synechia pericardii | Extensive adhesion between parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium with partial or complete obliteration of the pericardial cavity. Synonym: internal adhesive pericarditis, synechia pericardii. (05 Mar 2000) |
| synechiotomy | Division of the adhesions in synechia. Origin: synechia + G. Tome, incision (05 Mar 2000) |
| synechococcus group | Unicellular, coccoid to rod-shaped cyanobacteria that divide by binary fission in a single plane. Their cells lack structured sheaths and range in diameter from 0.3 to 2.3 microns. These organisms are isolated from freshwater, marine, and hot spring environments. By examining morphological, physiological, and chemical properties it has been possible to subdivide this group into six "strain clusters". These clusters are equivalent to genera but have not been formalised. (12 Dec 1998) |
| synechocystis group | Unicellular cyanobacteria that divide by binary fission in two or three successive planes at right angles to one another. Typically, the cells occur singly or in pairs. These organisms are isolated from freshwater and seawater environments. By examining morphological, physiological, and chemical properties it has been possible to subdivide this group into four "strain clusters". These clusters are equivalent to genera but have not been formalised. (12 Dec 1998) |
| synechotome | A small knife for use in synechiotomy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| synecology | <study> A subdivision of ecology that deals with the study of groups of organisms associated as a unit. (09 Oct 1997) |
| synectenterotomy | Division of intestional adhesions. Origin: G. Synektos, held together (see synechia), + enteron, intestine, + tome, incision (05 Mar 2000) |
| synedral | <botany> Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some species of Selaginella. Origin: Gr. Sitting with; with + seat. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| synemin | <protein> An intermediate filament associated protein (230 kD) isolated from avian smooth muscle, but homologue also found in mammalian muscle. Co localises with desmin near myofibrillar Z discs. (18 Nov 1997) |
| synaptic plasticity |
A cellular process that results in lasting changes in the efficacy of neurotransmission. These changes are likely to be both functional (for example, changes in neurotransmitters, receptors, ion channels, signalling molecules and so on) and structural (for example, changes in the size and number of synaptic connections).
출처: www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v2/n4/glossary/nrd1061_...
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| synthetic |
Closely related, synthetically synthesized members of a chemotype ?a family of molecules that demonstrate a unique core structure or scaffold ?with minor chemical modifications that might show improved target-binding affinity and potency compared with the original natural lead compound.
출처: www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v5/n4/glossary/nrg1317_...
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| syncytium |
A multinucleate cell in which the nuclei are not separated by cell membranes.
출처: www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v5/n12/glossary/nrg1491...
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| synthetic chemistry |
A branch of chemistry that focuses on the deliberate manufacture of pure compounds of defined structure and/or the development of new chemical reactions for this purpose.
출처: www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v5/n4/glossary/nrg1317_...
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| syncytia |
Multi-nucleate cells formed by the fusion of neighboring cells. Syncytia may form due to the expression of a viral fusion protein during viral replication.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~S.html
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| SYN | reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect) |
|---|---|
| SYN | the combination of ideas into a complex whole |
| SYN | the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds) |
| SYN | combine so as to form a more complex, product |
| SYN | (music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments |
| SYN | an intellectual who synthesizes or uses synthetic methods |
| SYN | an intellectual who synthesizes or uses synthetic methods |
| SYN | combine so as to form a more complex, product |
| SYN | combine and form a synthesis |
| SYN | (music) an electronic instrument (usually played with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically and can imitate a variety of other musical instruments |
| SYN | an intellectual who synthesizes or uses synthetic methods |
| SYN | a compound made artificially by chemical reactions |