| ECFV | extracellular fluid volume |
|---|---|
| ECFVD | extracellular fluid volume depletion |
| ECG | Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); ½ÉÀüµµ = EKG 1. Conducting System Structures 1) SA Node(SAN; µ¿(¹æ)°áÀý); Pacemaker 1> RA ÀÇ Posterior Wall or Superior Wall 2> °¡´Ã°í ±ä °è¶õ ¸ð¾ç 3> ¹æ½Ç°áÀý(AVN)º¸´Ù Å©´Ù. 2) Internodal Tracts(°áÀý°£ Àüµµ·Î) (P 74) 1> Anterior Internodal Tract; Bachmann's Bundle 2> Middle Internodal Tract(= Wenckebach's Bundle) 3> Posterior Internodal Tract(= Thorel's Pathway) 3) AV Node(AVN; ¹æ½Ç°áÀý) 1> Àüµµ ¼Óµµ; 200 mm/sec = 0.2 m/sec 2> 0.1 sec Delay 3> °è¶õÇü 4> µ¿¹æ°áÀý Àý¹Ý ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Å©±â 5> ½É¹æ Áß°Ý ¿ìÃø¿¡ À§Ä¡ 4) Atrioventricular Tract 5) AV Bundle(¹æ½Ç¼Ó)(= Bundle of His) 6) Bundle Branch 1> Right Bundle Branch 2> Left Bundle Branch i) Anterior Branch; Posterior Branch¿¡ ºñÇØ¼ ±æ°í °¡´Ã¸ç Left VentricleÀÇ Àü¹æ, »ó¹æÀ¸·Î ÈïºÐÀ» Àü´Þ ii) Posterior Branch; ª°í ±½Àº °¡Áö, Left VentricleÀÇ ÈÄ, ÇϹæÀ¸·Î ÈïºÐÀ» Àü´Þ 7) Purkinje Fiber; Àüµµ ¼Óµµ; 4,000 mm/sec = 4 m/sec @ Àüµµ ¼Óµµ Atrium(½É¹æ±Ù); 1,000 mm/sec = 1 m/sec Ventricle(½É½Ç±Ù); 400 mm/sec = 0.4 m/sec 2. Blood Supply System Structures 1) Right Coronary Artery(RCA); - Right Cusp of Aortic Valve 1> SA node 2> AV node 3> Bundle of His 4> Posterior Wall of Left Ventricle 5> Right Ventricle 6> Posterior Division of Left Bundle Branch 2) Left Coronary Artery(LCA); - Left Cusp of Aortic Valve 1> Right Bundle Branch 2> Anterior Division of Left Bundle Branch 3> Anterior Descending Branch 4> 3. Components @ Segment(ºÐÀý); Baseline(±â¼±)ºÎ @ Interval(°£°Ý); Wave(ÆÄ) ±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔ 1) P Wave; Atrial Hypertrophy ¸¦ Check 1> Atrial Depolarization, Atrial Contraction 2> Lead II; The Tallest P Wave Lead III, AVL; The Smallest P Wave AVR; Inverted P Wave 3> Normal; Height ¡Â 2.4 mm Duration ¡Â 0.11 sec 2) PP Interval; P Wave ~ P Wave; ½É¹æ ¹Úµ¿¼ö 3) F Wave; Flutter Wave 4) PR Interval; AV BlockÀ» Áø´Ü 1> P Wave ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ~ QRS Complex ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ 2> ½É¹æ ÈïºÐ¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Purkinje Fiber¿¡ ÈïºÐÆÄ°¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ¶§±îÁöÀÇ ½Ã°£ ½É¹æÀÇ Å»ºÐ±Ø°ú ¹æ½ÇÀüµµ¿¡ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£ 3> Normal; 0.12 - 0.20 sec 4> Abnormal < 0.12 sec; ½É¹æÀüµµÃËÁø > 0.20 sec; 1o AV Block 5) ½É½ÇÈïºÐ½Ã°£(VDT) 1> QRS Complex °³½Ã ~ R Wave ²ÀÁöÁ¡±îÁö 2> Å»ºÐ±ØÆÄ°¡ ½ÉÀåÀÇ ¾ÈÂÊ(½É³»¸·)¿¡¼ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ(½É¿Ü¸·)±îÁö Àü´ÞµÇ´Âµ¥ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£ 6) QRS Complex; Bundle Branch BlockÀ» Áø´Ü ; Ventricular Depolarization, Ventricular Contraction ; Axis °áÁ¤ ; Normal; 0.04 - 0.11 sec 1> Q Wave; R WaveÀÇ ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À½¼ºÆÄ ; Normal ·Î´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù(¿¹¿Ü, AVR) i) Insignificant Q Wave; small Q Wave in I, II, V5,6 ii) Significant Q Wave Wide ¡Ã 1 mm(0.04 sec) or Height ¡Ã 1/3 of QRS Complex Myocardial Infarction 2> R Wave; ¾ç¼ºÆÄ 3> S Wave; R Wave¿¡ ÀÕ´Þ¾Æ ÀÖ´Â À½¼ºÆÄ 4> Ta Wave i) Atrial Repolarization ii) P Wave ¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâ iii) QRS Complex¿Í ÀÏÄ¡µÇ¾î °ÅÀÇ º¼¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 4> QS Wave 5> QR Wave 6> RS Wave 7> RSR'S' Wave 7) RR Interval; ½É½Ç¹Úµ¿¼ö 8) QT Interval 1> QRS Complex ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ ~ T Wave ³¡±îÁö 2> ½É½ÇÀÇ Å»ºÐ±Ø°ú ÀçºÐ±ØÀ» ¸ðµÎ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£ 9) J Point 10) ST Segment; QRS ComplexÀÇ ³¡ ~ T WaveÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡ @ ST Segment Depression 1> Digitalis Intoxication 2> Positive Master's Test; °ü»óµ¿¸ÆÁúȯÀÌ ÀǽɵǴ ȯÀÚ°¡ ¿îµ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í 3> Anterior Wall Subendocardial Infarction 4> Unstable Angina ¿¡ PainÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ½Ã; No Pain½Ã´Â ST Segment Normal 5> Acute Posterior Wall Infarction 11) T Wave; Ventricular Repolarization 12) U Wave 1> Ventricle ÀÇ Áö¿¬ Repolarization 2> T Wave µÚ¿¡ 3> T Wave ¿Í °°Àº ¹æÇâ 4> º¸ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì; Hypokalemia, Quinidine 4. Leads 1) Limb Leads; Frontal Plane; Axis °áÁ¤ @ Standard Lead; Bipolar Lead 1> Lead I; RA(-) LA(+); Axis Deviation 2> Lead II; RA(-) LF(+) 3> Lead III; LA(-) LF(+) @ Augmented Lead; Unipolar Lead 4> AVR; RA(+) LA, LF, RF(-); Normal Inverted T Wave, Normal Large Q Wave; Lead II¿Í ¹Ý´ë 5> AVL; LA(+) RA, LF, RF(-) 6> AVF; LF(+) RA, LA, RF(-); Axis Deviation 2) Chest Leads(= Precordial Lead); Horizontal Plane; Unipolar Lead * ¿ìÃø ÈäºÎ À¯µµ(Right Chest Leads); Right BBB Check; Right Ventricle À§¿¡ 1> V1; 4th Intercostal Space, Right Sternal Border; Hypertrophy 2> V2; 4th Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border; AV Node ÀÇ Front * ½É½ÇÁß°ÝÀ§¿¡ À§Ä¡(Septal Lead; Áß°ÝÀ¯µµ); Interventricular SeptumÀ§¿¡ ; Transitional Zone(ÀÌÇàºÎÀ§); QRS Complex ¿¡¼ R Wave¿Í S WaveÀÇ ³ôÀ̰¡ °°¾ÆÁö´Â °÷ 3> V3; Between V2 & V4 4> V4; 5th Intercostal Space, Left Midcalvicular Line * ÁÂÃø ÈäºÎ À¯µµ(Left Chest Leads); Left BBB; Left VentricleÀ§¿¡ ³õÀδÙ. 5> V5; 5th Intercostal Space, Anterior Axillary Line 6> V6; 5th Intercostal Space, Middle Axillary Line @ Einthoven's Triangle RA - LA - LF @ Einthoven's Law; QRS ComplexÀÇ »óÇÏ ÁøÆøÀÇ ÇÕ Lead II = Lead I + Lead III 5. Rates; Normal; 80/min 1) Pacemakers 1> SA Node 2> Ectopic(= Potential) Pacemaker; Inherent Rates i) Atrial(= Idioatrial); 75/min ii) AV node(= Idionodal); 60/min; P Wave°¡ ¾ø´Ù. iii) Ventricular(= Idioventricular); 30 - 40/min 2) Emergency Rates; 150 - 250/min 3) Sinus Tachycardia; > 100/min, Regular Rhythm 4) Sinus Bradycardia; < 60/min, Regular Rhythm 5) 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50 250, 136, 94, 71 214, 125, 88, 68 187, 115, 83, 65 167, 107, 79, 62 6) 3 Second Marks; x 20 6 Second Strips; x 10 6. Rhythm 1) Arrhythmia(Varying Rhythm) 1> Sinus Arrhythmia i) °ü»óµ¿¸ÆÁúȯ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Coronary Artery Disease Sick Sinus node Disease ii) Pacemaker; SA node iii) Varying rhythm iv) P Waves Identical; ¸ðµç P Wave´Â µ¿ÀÏ 2> Wandering Pacemaker i) Varying rhythm ii) P Wave Shape Changes 2) Extra Beats & Skips 1> Premature Beats; ±â¿Ü¼öÃà = Premature Contractions(Á¶±â¼öÃà) = Extrasystoles = Ectopic Beats = Ectopic Contractions(À̼Ҽº¼öÃà) ; Ectopic Pacemaker¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ¾î ½É¹æÁֱ⺸´Ù Á¶±â¿¡ ÀϾ´Â ½ÉÀå¼öÃà i) Atrial Premature; Abnormal P Waves * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ ½ÉÀåÁֱ⺸´Ù »¡¸® ÀϾÙ. P Wave °¡ µ¿¼º P Wave¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. Normal QRS Complex ii) Nodal Premature Contractions * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ ½ÉÀåÁֱ⺸´Ù »¡¸® ÀϾÙ. Á¤»ó PR Intervalº¸´Ù ªÀº PR IntervalÀ» °¡Áø P Wave°¡ QRS Complex¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù. or Inverted P Wave Normal QRS Complex --SAN --AVN iii) Ventricular Premature(= Paroxysmal Ventricular Contractions(PVC)) Wide QRS Complex Large QRS Complex following Compensatory Pause 1 or 2 ÀÌ»óÀÇ normal Beats¿Í coupled e.g) Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadrigeminy µîµî [P 94] ´ë°³ Á¤»ó T Wave ´ÙÀ½¿¡ »ý±ä´Ù. T Wave¿Í °ãÄ£´Ù¸é ±²ÀåÈ÷ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ø°£À̸ç À§ÇèÇÑ ºÎÁ¤¸ÆÀÌ À¯¹ßµÉ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ ½ÉÀåÁֱ⺸´Ù »¡¸® ÀϾÙ. No Ectopic P Wave Wide(¡Ã 0.12 sec) QRS Complex iv) Parasystole 2> Escape Beats(º¸Ãæ¼öÃà); Ectopic Pacemaker¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ¾î ½É¹æÁֱ⺸´Ù ´Ê°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¼öÃà i) Atrial Escape; P Wave ¸ð¾çÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ii) AV nodal(= Junctional, Idionodal) Escape ; 6°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓµÇ´Â 40 - 60/min * ¿øÀÎ µ¿¼º ÀÚ±ØÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ÀÚ±Ø Àüµµ Â÷´ÜÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ µ¿¼º ÀÚ±ØÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Á¤»ó½ÉÀåÁֱ⺸´Ù ´Ê°Ô ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. Á¤»ó QRS Complex No P Wave Response or Inverted P Wave°¡ QRS Complex¿¡ ¾Õ¼°Å³ª µÚ¼°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª µ¿¼º P Wave°¡ ¼±ÇàÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì PR IntervalÀÌ Âª¾ÆÁø´Ù. * Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm ; 6°³ ÀÌ»ó ¿¬¼ÓÀ¸·Î ÀϾ´Â 40 - 100/minÀÇ ½É½Ç¼º±â¿Ü¼öÃà iii) Ventricular Escape Rhythm ; 6°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓµÇ´Â ¡Â 40/minÀÇ ½É½Ç¼ºº¸Ãæ¼öÃà PVC type Ventricular Response * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Á¤»ó½ÉÀåÁֱ⺸´Ù ´Ê°Ô ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. No Ectopic P Wave Wide QRS Complex ¡Â 40/min iv) Escape Rhythm; 3> Sinus Arrest 4> Sinus Exit Block i) Bradycardia ii) No P Waves iii) Tx; Permanent Artificial Pacemaker 3) Rapid Rhythm 1> (Paroxysmal) Tachycardia; 150 - 250/min i) Sinus Tachycardia ¿øÀÎ; ÈïºÐ, ¿îµ¿, ÀÚ±ØÁ¦(Stimulating Drug), Shock ii) (Paroxysmal) Atrial Tachycardia(= PAT); 6°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ APCs°¡ 140 - 220/min·Î ÀϾ´Â °æ¿ì * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀº Á¶±â¿¡ ÀϾÙ. À̼Ҽº P Wave´Â µ¿¼º P Wave¿Í ´Ù¸£´Ù. Normal QRS Complex Regular PR Interval Ventricular rate; 140 - 220/min @ (Paroxysmal) Atrial Tachycardia with Block; Atrial Tachycardia°¡ ¡Â 180/min°¡ µÇ¸é ½É¹æÈïºÐÀÌ ¸ðµÎ AVN°ú Ventricle¿¡ Àü´ÞµÇ³ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ´Â °æ¿ì ¼±ÇàÇÏ´Â ÈïºÐ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹æ½Ç°áÀýÀÌ ºÒÀÀ±â°¡ µÇ¾î Ectopic P Wave°¡ AVNÀ» Áö³ªÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ; 6°³ ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ APCs ¿øÀÎ; Digitalis Áßµ¶½Ã P Wave Small, Spiked & Up in Lead II & III ST Segment Isoelectric °¢ QRS Complex¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ P Wave @ Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia(Chaotic Atrial Rhythm) ; Atria¿¡ 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ectopic Pacemaker Rate; 100 - 200/min Abnormal P Wave * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Á¶±â¿¡ Multiple Ectopic P Wave Irregular PR Interval Blocked P Wave Normal QRS Complex Atrial Rate; 100 - 200/min iii) (Paroxysmal) Nodal(= Junctional) Tachycardia(= PNT) @ Junctional Tachycardia ; 6°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Á¢Çպμº±â¿Ü¼öÃàÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô ¿¬¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀϾ´Â °æ¿ì Rate; 60 - 160/min * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Inverted P Wave°¡ QRS Complex¿¡ ¼±ÇàµÇ°Å³ª ±× Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ÀϾ°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â No P Wave Normal QRS Complex Rate; 60 - 160/min @ Junctional Accelerated Tachycardia; Rate; 160 - 220/min iv) (Paroxysmal) Ventricular Tachycardia; 4(or 6)°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ PVC coronary artery disease ½Ã¿¡ DDx; Bundle Branch Block + Supraventricular Tachycardia * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ ÃÖÃÊ ½É¹ÚÀº Ãʱ⿡ ÀϾÙ. No Ectopic P Wave Wide QRS Complex Rate; 100 - 250/min v) Supraventricular Tachycardia PAT & PNT 2> Flutter @ Atrial Flutter(½É¹æÁ¶µ¿) i) Single Ectopic Atrial Focus ii) 250 - 300/min or 220 - 350/min iii) ²¨²Ù·Î µ¹·Áº¸¸é ´õ¿í ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ¸ð¾çÀÌ µÈ´Ù iv) F Wave(Flutter Wave; Á¶µ¿ÆÄ); Saw-Tooth Baseline v) Varying Rhythm vi) No real P Waves but, Multiple Ectopic Atrial Spikes vii) Áø´Ü ±âÁØ F Wave; 220 - 350/min ½É½ÇÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀ ÀüµµÀ²ÀÌ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °æ¿ì; Regular ÀüµµÀ²ÀÌ º¯ÈÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì; Irregular Normal QRS Complex @ Ventricular Flutter i) 200 - 300/min or 150 - 300/min ii) Smooth Sine Curve; QRS Complex iii) Áø´Ü ±âÁØ No Atrial Response; No P Wave No ST Segment, No T Wave Rate; 150 - 300/min 3> Fibrillation @ Atrial Fibrillation i) Multiple Ectopic Atrial Foci ii) f Wave(¼µ¿ÆÄ); ³Ê¹« »¡¶ó ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ °ï¶õÇÏ´Ù. --°ÅÄ£ °Í --°¡´À´Ù¶õ °Í iii) Rate; 350 - 650/min iv) Áø´Ü ±âÁØ f Wave; 350 - 650/min ½É½ÇÀÇ ÈïºÐ; Irregular, Irregular PR Interval Normal QRS Complex @ Ventricular Fibrillation i) ü¼øÈ¯À¸·ÎÀÇ Ç÷¾× ±¸ÃàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù; Á¦ÀÏ ÀÀ±Þ »óÅ ii) Multiple Ectopic Ventricular Foci iii) Áø´Ü ±âÁØ No Atrial Response; No P Wave No QRS Complex Irregular Rhythm; 150 - 500/min 4) Heart Blocks 1> SA Block; Block ÀÌÀü°ú ÀÌÈÄÀÇ P Wave°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. i) 2o Degree Wenckebach Type * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Progressively Shorter PR Interval & Absent QRS Complex ½É½ÇÈÞÁö±â´Â PR IntervalÀÇ 2¹è ÀÌÇÏ ½É½ÇÈÞÁö±â¿¡´Â P-QRS-T Wave°¡ ¾øÀ» °Í ii) 2o Mobitz Type * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Regular PP Interval ½É½ÇÈÞÁö±â´Â PR IntervalÀÇ 2¹è ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ Á¤¼ö¹è ½É½ÇÈÞÁö±â¿¡´Â P-QRS-T Wave°¡ ¾øÀ» °Í 2> AV Block PR IntervalÀÌ ±æ¾îÁø´Ù. > 0.2 sec i) First Degree(1o) AV Block PR Interval ¡Ã 0.2 sec Normal P-QRS-T wave Sequence ii) Second Degree(2o) AV Block 2 : 1 AV Block; QRS Complex ÀÌÀü¿¡ 2°³ÀÇ P Wave 3 : 1 AV Block; QRS Complex ÀÌÀü¿¡ 3°³ÀÇ P Wave @ High Grade AV Block ; 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ P Wave°¡ ½É½Ç·Î Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Regualr PR Interval ½É½Ç·Î Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ P Wave ½É¹æ¼¼µ¿ ¶Ç´Â Á¶µ¿ÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¶§¿¡´Â ¿À·£ ÈÞÁö±â°£À» º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í @ Wenckebach Type(Mobitz Type I) * Áø´Ü±âÁØ Progressively Longer PR Interval & Absent QRS Complex Progressively Shorter RR Interval & Absent QRS Complex Regular PP Interval @ Mobitz Type II * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Regular PR Interval & Sometimes Absent QRS Complex iii) Third Degree(3o)(Complete) AV Block(= AV Dissociation)(Mobitz Type III) ; P Wave°¡ QRS Complex°¡ º°°³·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.(¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.) * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ No Relationship P Wave with QRS Complex Atrium°ú Ventricle»çÀÌ¿¡ Àüµµ°¡ ¾ø´Ù. Atrium; Sinus or Supraventricular Rhythm Ventricle; Junctional or Ventricular Escape Rhythm Atrial FibrillationÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Junctional or Ventricular Escape Rhythm¶§¹®¿¡ ½É½Ç¹Úµ¿¼ö°¡ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù. @ Stokes-Adams Syndrome; 3rd Degree(3o) AV Block ¿¡¼ ½É½ÇÀÇ ¼öÃàÀÌ ³Ê¹« ´À·Á¼ ³ú·Î°¡´Â Ç÷¾×ÀÇ À¯·®ÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿© ÀǽÄÀ» ÀҰԵǴ °æ¿ì 3> Bundle Branch Block; Á¸Àç½Ã¿¡´Â QRS Vector ¿Í Ventricular Hypertrophy¸¦ Áø´ÜÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Wide QRS Complex(»çÁöÀ¯µµ¿¡¼) ¡Ã 0.12 sec R-R' Configuration(Á¿ìÈäºÎÀ¯µµ¿¡¼) i) Right Bundle Branch Block(RBBB); Lead I, V1-2 RVH¸¦ Áø´ÜÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Wide QRS Complex; > 0.12 sec Inverted T Wave ST Segment Depression V1,2; RsR' Lead I; QRS Complex, Large S Wave ii) Left Bundle Branch Block(LBBB); Lead I, aVL, V1, V5, V6 LVH¸¦ Áø´ÜÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Wide QRS Complex; > 0.12 sec Inverted T Wave ST Segment Depression V5,6; RR'; EKG »ó¿¡¼ InfarctionÀ» Á¤È®È÷ Áø´ÜÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. Lead I, aVL, V5-6; No Normal Septal Q Wave V1; qrS Wave @ Hemiblock; Left Bundle BranchÀÇ Anterior or Posterior Division ÀÇ Block 1) Anterior Hemoblock Anterior Division of Left BB ÀÇ block 1/2 of Anterior Infarction i) LAD; < -40o; without Inferior Wall Infarction ii) slighted Widened QRS Complex; 0.1 - 0.12 sec iii) Q1S3; Lead I; Q Wave Lead III; Wide Deep S Wave iv) with LVH; aVL; Large R Wave ¡Ã 16 mm 2) Posterior Hemiblock i) RAD; > 120o; without RVH ii) Normal or Slightly Widened QRS Complex iii) S1Q3; Lead I; Wide S Wave Lead III; Q Wave 3) Bifascicular Blocks i) RBBB + Anterior Hemiblock LAD < - 40o Wide QRS Complex ¡Ã 0.12 sec Lead I; Wide S Wave V1; Positive QRS Complex ii) RBBB + Posterior Hemiblock RAD ¡Ã 120o Wide QRS Complex ¡Ã 0.12 sec Lead I; Wide S Wave V1; Positive QRS Complex iii) RBBB or LBBB & 1o AV block(PR Interval ¡Ã 0.2 sec) RBBB + PR Interval ¡Ã 0.2 sec Wide QRS Complex ¡Ã 0.12 sec Lead I; Wide S Wave V1; Positive QRS Complex LBBB + PR Interval ¡Ã 0.2 sec Wide QRS Complex ¡Ã 0.12 sec No Septal Q Wave; Lead I, aVL, V5-6 V1; Negative QRS Complex iv) Alternating RBBB or variable LBBB; Anterior Hemiblock + Posterior Hemiblock(= LBBB) 4) Intermittent Blocks; with at least one normal, non-blocked fascicle i) RBBB + Anterior Hemiblock + Intermittent Posterior Hemiblock ii) RBBB + Posterior Hemiblock + Intermittent Anterior Hemiblock iii) Anterior Hemiblock + Posterior Hemiblock(= LBBB) + Intermittent RBBB iv) RBBB + Intermittent LBBB Intermittent Blocks of one fascicle; continuous EKG pattern of normal with intermittent signs of block Intermittent Blocks of two fascicles; intermittent EKG signs of both blocks Intermittent Blocks; one intermittent + one permanant Block; continous EKG pattern of one block & intermittent signs of another Block 5) Mobitz II; Ventricular non-conduction 4> Aberrant Conduction; º¯Çü QRS Complex ; µÎ ½É½Ç »çÀÌ¿¡ ºÒÀÀ±âÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àüµµ Áö¿¬ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì Wide QRS Complex i) ¿øÀÎ ¼±ÇàÀÚ±ØÁ÷ÈÄÀÇ APCs or JPCs Aschman Phenomenon; Atrial Fibrillation½Ã¿¡ ; Long RR IntervalÈÄ Short RR IntervalÀÌÈÄÀÇ º¯Çü QRS Complex ii) Áø´Ü ±âÁØ APCs with Aberrant Conduction; Premature Ectopic P Wave°¡ Wide Aberrant QRS Complex¿¡ ¼±Çà JPCs with Aberrant Conduction; Premature Inverted P Wave°¡ Wide Aberrant QRS ComplexÁ÷Àü ¶Ç´Â Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ Atrial Fibrillation with with Aberrant Conduction; Long RR IntervalÈÄ Short RR IntervalÀÌÈÄÀÇ Wide Aberrant QRS Complex @ Critical Rate; ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇßÀ» ¶§¸¸ °¢ ºí·°ÀÌ »ý±â´Â °æ¿ì @ Incomplete BBB Normal QRS Complex R-R' Configuration @ Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW) Syndrome Accessory Pathway(Bundle of Kent) Delta Wave --Positive --Negative ; Accessory Pathway ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½É½ÇÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇϴµ¥ °É¸®´Â Á¤»óÀû Áö¿¬ÀÌ Âª¾ÆÁ® À¯¹ßµÈ Premature Ventricular Depolarization(Á¶±â ½É½Ç Å»ºÐ±Ø) * Áø´Ü ±âÁØ Short PR Interval Wide Irregular QRS Complex Delta Wave Sometimes Supraventricular Tachycardia 7. Axis 1) Vector Left Ventricle > Right Ventricle Septum; Left > Right 2) Mean QRS Complex Vector ±â½ÃºÎ; AV node Downward & to Left & Posterior Normal Range; 0 - +90o, 0 - +110o Ventricle Hypertrophy; °°Àº ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Deviation Cardiac Infarction; ¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Deviation 3) Right Axis Deviation(RAD); +110o - ¡¾ 180o URQ + ULQ Lead I; QRS Complex Negative * RADÀÇ ¿øÀÎ 1) ¸¶¸¥ üÇü 2) ¿ì½É½Ç ºñ´ë 3) ÆóÁúȯ 4) Extreme Right Axis Deviation; URQ 5) Left Axis Deviation(LAD); - 30o - - 90o ULQ 1> Lead I 2> AVF * LADÀÇ ¿øÀÎ 1) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 2) Horizontal Heart 3) Inferior Infarction 4) Anterior Hemiblock 5) Anterior Hemiblock + RBBB 8. Hypertrophy 1) Atrial Hypertrophy ¿øÀÎ; Mitral Stenosis V1; Diphasic P Wave 1> Right Atrial Hypertrophy; V1 P WaveÀÇ Large Initial Component Lead II; P Wave Height ¡Ã 2.5 mm 2> Left Atrial Hypertrophy; V1 P WaveÀÇ Large Terminal Component, Depth ¡Ã 3> Both Atrial Hypertrophy; RAH + LAH 2) Ventricular Hypertrophy 1> Right Ventricular Hypertrophy i) V1; Large R Wave & small S Wave ii) RAD iii) V6; Deep S Wave iv) V1 R Wave + V6 S Wave ¡Ã 11 mm vi) Right Chest Lead ST Segment Depression Asymmetric Inverted T wave 2> Left Ventricular Hypertrophy i) Large QRS Complex ii) LAD iii) V1; Large S Wave + V5; Large R Wave ¡Ã 35 mm iv) I, aVL, V5-6; Large R Wave V1-2; Large S Wave vi) V5 or V6 R Wave ¡Ã 27 mm vii) aVL R Wave ¡Ã 11 mm v) Left Chest Leads(V5,6); ¿øÀÎ ºÒ¸í Inverted Asymmetric T Wave(Long Gradual, Rapid) ST Segment Depression 3> Both Ventricular Hypertrophy 9. Infarction @ 3¡®I¡¯s or Triad of Acute Myocardial Infarction(±Þ¼º ½É±Ù °æ»ö) 1) Ischemia; ÇãÇ÷; Reversible 1> Inverted Symmetric T Wave; 1st 2> ST Segment Depression 2) Injury; ¼Õ»ó; Reversible 1> ST Segment Elevation; 2nd; means Acute or Recent 2> ST Segment Normal; Chronic 3) Infarction; °æ»ö; Q Wave; 3rd Abnormal Q Wave 1> Width ¡Ã 0.04 sec 2> Height ¡Ã 1/3 of R Wave Septal Q Wave; Normal Lead I, aVL, V5-6 @ Pericarditis ST Segment Elevation T Wave; Normal @ Ventricular Aneurysm ST Segment Elevation(Irreversible) @ Types of Infarction 1> Anterior Wall Infarction; LCAÀÇ AD Branch i) V1-4 or V2-6; Q Wave ii) Acute; V1-2; Q Wave or ST Segment Elevation * Anterior Wall Septal Infarction V1,2¿¡¸¸; Q Wave or V1-2; poor R Wave Progression 2> Lateral Wall Infarction; Left Coronary Artery ÀÇ Circumflex Branch I, AVL, V5-6; Q Wave 3> Inferior(= Diaphragmatic) Wall Infarction II, III, AVF; Q Wave 4> Posterior Wall Infarction; Anterior Wall Infarction °ú´Â Á¤È®È÷ ¹Ý´ë°¡ µÈ´Ù. V2-4R; Q Wave Acute; V1-3; ST Segment Depression Large R Wave V6; Q Wave ArrhythmiaÀß µ¿¹Ý; Dangerous 5> Right Ventricle V1,2; Q Wave 10. Miscellaneous 1) Pulmonary Disease 1> Emphysema i) Low Voltage ii) RAD 2> Pulmonary Infarction i) Lead I; Large S Wave ii) Lead II; ST Segment Depression iii) Lead III; Large Q Wave iv) V1-4; Inverted T Wave v) Transient RBBB 3> S1Q3 Syndrome; Pulmonary Infarction ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ¿À´Â ±Þ¼º Æó¼º½É(Acute Cor Pulmonale) i) Lead I; Large S Wave ii) Lead III; Q Wave 2) Electrolytes Disturbances; ST Segment Abnormality 1> Potassium(K+) i) Hyperkalemia Moderate Wide Flat P Wave Wide QRS Complex Peaked T Wave Extreme No P Wave Widened QRS Complex ii) Hypokalemia; ST Segmrnt Depression Moderate Flat T Wave U Wave Extreme Inverted T Wave Prominent U Wave 2> Calcium(Ca2+) i) Hypercalcemia; Short ST Segment Short QT Interval ii) Hypocalcemia; Widened ST Segment Prolonged QT Interval 3) Patterns 1> Ventricular Strain Waxy Depressed ST Segment; À§·Î Ä¿ºê¸¦ ±×¸®¸ç ST ºÐÀý Áß°£¿¡¼ Á¡Á¡ À§·Î ±Á¾îÁø´Ù. i) Right Ventricular Strain ii) Left Ventricular Strain 2> Artificial Pacemaker; Electrical SpikesÁ÷ÈÄ¿¡ Ventricular Response i) Transverse Pacemaker(= Right Ventricular Pacemaker); °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ë All have LBBB pattern QRS If LAD; Pacemaker in Apex of Right Ventricle; °¡Àå ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡ If Normal Axis; Pacemaker in Right Ventricular Mid-Outflow Tract If RAD; Pacemaker in Right Ventricle, below pulmonic Valves ii) Epicardiac Pacemaker(= Left Ventricular Pacemaker) RBBB ÇüÅÂÀÇ QRS RAD iii) Demand Pacemaker iv) Atrial Pacemaker v) P Wave Triggered Pacemaker(= Atrial Synchronous Pacemaker) vi) Sequential AV Pacemaker 3> Subendocardial Infarction; Flat ST Segment Depression 4> Pericarditis i) QRS ComplexÀÇ ÇÕÀÌ À½¼ºÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â À¯µµ(´ë°³ ¿ìÃøÈäºÎÀ¯µµ) Flat or Concave Elevated ST Segment - Inverted T Wave ii) QRS ComplexÀÇ ÇÕÀÌ ¾ç¼ºÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â À¯µµ(À¯µµ I, II µî) Elevated ST Segment & T Wave Off Baseline 5> Early Repolarization; Normal Variant i) Left Chest Lead; V4-6 ii) Elevated ST Segment 6> Dextrocardia; Lead I, aVR, V1-6 i) Lead I; Inverted QRS Complex(or P Wave, T Wave); Negative ii) V1; Highest R Wave V6; Smallest R Wave iii) aVR; Inverted QRS Complex(or P Wave, T Wave); Positive 7> Pediatric ECG; ´ë·« 1³âÈÄ ¼ºÀÎ ECG¿Í À¯»çÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. i) RVH ii) RAD iii) V1-3; Inverted T Wave 4) Drugs 1> Digitalis; Lead I, V5-6 i) Excess Digitalis; Hypokalemia¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Exaggerated µÈ´Ù. SA Block PAT with Block AV Block Tachycardia with AV Dissociation Scooping(±¹ÀÚ¸ð¾ç) ST Segment Flat or Inverted T Wave ii) Digitalis Toxicity PVC Bigeminy, Trigeminy etc Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation 2> Quinidine; ½É±ÙÀ¸·Î ÅëÇÏ´Â Àü±âÀüµµ(Electrical Conduction)¸¦ ´À¸®°Ô ÇÔ ½É½ÇÀÇ ÀçºÐ±Ø ½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ¾îÁø´Ù. i) Quinidine Effects Wide, Notched P Wave Wide QRS Complex ST Depression Wide QT Interval U Wave ii) Quinidine Toxicity; Roller Coaster Patterns |
| ECG | electrocardiogram, electrocardiography |
| ECGF | endothelial cell growth factor |
| ECGS | endothelial cell growth supplement |
| ECH | educator contact hour |
| ECHO | echocardiography; enteric cytopathic human orphan [virus]; Etoposide, cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and vincristine |
| Echo-Eg | echoencephalography |
| Echo-VM | echoventriculometry |
| ¿µ¹® | erythema | ÇÑ±Û | È«¹Ý |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ¿ïÇ÷-¿°Áõ-»óÇǹڸ® µîÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇǺγª Á¡¸·¿¡ ¿À´Â ¿©·¯ Àڱ⠸ð¾çÀÇ Àû»ö ¹ÝÁ¡. ÇǺΰ¡ ±¹ÇѼºÀ¸·Î È«»öÀ» ¶ì´Â ÀÏ. À¯¸®ÆÇÀ¸·Î ¾Ð¹ÚÇϸé Åð»öÇÏ¿© º¸À̰í, À¯¸®¸¦ ¶¼¸é »öÀÌ ´Ù½Ã »ì¾Æ³´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ ¿°Áõ¼ºÀ¸·Î È«¿ªÀ̳ª ¼ºÈ«¿¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁøÇÇ »óÃþÀÇ ¸ð¼¼Ç÷°üÀÇ È®Àå-ÃæÇ÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °Í°ú, ´Ü¼ø¼º Ç÷°üÁ¾¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç÷°üÀÇ ½Å»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | erythremia | ÇÑ±Û | ÀûÇ÷Áõ, ÀûÇ÷º´ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | Ç÷±¸¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ñ¼ö°è ¼¼Æ÷µéÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ Áõ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Ç÷¾×¼ÓÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç÷±¸°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â º´À¸·Î ƯÈ÷ ÀûÇ÷±¸°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Ư¡À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â º´À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ´ë°³ Á߳⿡ ¸¹ÀÌ »ý±â¸ç ³²ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾à°£ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ¿øÀÎÀº ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö Á¤È®È÷ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ´Â Áö¶óÀÇ ºñ´ë¸¦ º¸ÀÌ¸ç °ñ¼ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °÷(°£, Áö¶ó)¿¡¼ Ç÷±¸¸¦ »ý»êÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ë°³ Áõ»óÀº Ç÷¾×¼Ó¿¡ °úµµÇÑ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í Ç÷¾×ÀÇ ¾çÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. Áï Ç÷¾×¼Ó¿¡ °úµµÇÑ ÀûÇ÷±¸°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿©¼ Ç÷¾×ÀÇ Á¡µµ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÄѼ ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ³úÀÇ Ç÷·ù°¡ °¨¼ÒµÇ°í µÎÅë, ¾îÁö·¯¿ò µîÀÇ Áõ»óÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. ¶Ç Ç÷¾×ÀÇ Á¡µµÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â Á¤¸ÆÀÇ Ç÷¾×ÀÇ ¼øÈ¯¼Óµµ¸¦ ³·Ãß¾î¼ Ç÷ÀüÀÇ »ý¼ºÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. Ç÷ÀüÀ̶õ Ç÷°ü³»¿¡¼ Ç÷¾×ÀÌ ÀÀ°íµÇ¾î ¸¸µé¾îÁø Ç÷¾×ÀÀ°íÀÇ µ¢À̸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ º´À» ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÇ÷±¸°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁö´Â °ÅÁþ´ÙÇ÷±¸Áõ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÂüÀûÇ÷±¸Áõ°¡Áõ, ȤÀº Âü´ÙÇ÷±¸ÁõÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | erythroblast | ÇÑ±Û | Àû¸ð¼¼Æ÷, ÀûÇ÷±¸¸ð¼¼Æ÷ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ÀûÇ÷±¸¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷·Î¼ ÇÙÀ» Áö´Ï¸ç, Á¤»ó °Ç°ÀÎ ¹× Å»ýÈıâÀÇ °ñ¼ö ¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÌ´Ù. Àû¸ð¼¼Æ÷´Â °¡Àå ¾î¸° DzÀû¸ð±¸(proerythroblast)·Î ½ÃÀÛÇØ¼ Àû¸ð¼¼Æ÷·Î ¼º¼÷ÇÏ¿© ºÐ·ùµÈ´Ù. ¹Ì¼÷ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÇÙÀÌ Å©°í ÇÙ¼ÓÀÇ ¿°»öÁúÀÌ ¼¶¼¼ÇÏ´Ù. ¼º¼÷ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ÇÙÀº ³óÃàµÇ¾î ÀÛ¾ÆÁö°í, Ç÷»ö¼Ò¸¦ °®°Ô µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷ÁúÀº ºÓÀº»öÀ» ¶ì°Ô µÈ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | erythroblastosis fetalis | ÇÑ±Û | žÆÀû¸ð±¸Áõ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡¼ »ý»êµÈ žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü°¡ ŹÝÀ» °Ç³Ê¿Í¼ žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿©¼ »ý±â´Â ¿ëÇ÷¼ººóÇ÷À» À̸£´Â ¸». Áï ½Å»ý¾Æ³ª žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸ÀÇ Ç×ü°¡ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ ¸ö¿¡¼ ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¼ À̰ÍÀÌ Å¹ÝÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ žƿ¡°Ô ³Ñ¾î°¡¸é žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í °áÇÕÀ» Çϰí ÀÌ Ç×ü¿Í °áÇÕÇÑ ÀûÇ÷±¸´Â ÆÄ±« µÇ¾î¼ °á±¹ ºóÇ÷ÀÌ »ý±ä °ÍÀ» žÆÀû¸ð±¸ÁõÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Rh Àû¸ð±¸Áõ°ú ABO Àû¸ð±¸Áõ·Î ³ª´ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 1) Rh Àû¸ð±¸ÁõÀûÇ÷±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡´Â ¸é¿ª ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Ç׿øÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×Áß D¶ó´Â Ç׿øÀÇ À¯¹«¿¡ µû¶ó¼ Ç÷¾×ÇüÀ» Rh(+) ȤÀº Rh(-)·Î ³ª´«´Ù. Rh(+) Ç÷¾×ÇüÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀûÇ÷±¸ Ç¥¸é¿¡ D¶ó´Â ¹°ÁúÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϰí Rh(-)ÀÇ Ç÷¾×ÇüÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â D¶ó´Â Ç׿øÀÌ ÀûÇ÷±¸ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ Rh(-)À̰í ÀÓ½ÅµÈ Å¾ư¡ Rh(+)ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸´Â ŹÝÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ Ç÷¾×¼ÓÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¥ ¼ö°¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ ºÐ¸¸µµÁß¿¡ ŹÝÀÇ ÀÛÀº °á¼ÕÀ̳ª »óó¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¸ðüÀÇ ¼øÈ¯ ¼Ó¿¡ µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ¸é Rh À½¼ºÀÎ ¸ðü¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î D¶ó´Â Ç׿ø¿¡ ³ëÃâÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÌ Ç׿øÀ» ¿ÜºÎÀÇ ¹°Áú·Î ÀÎÁö¸¦ ÇØ¼ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ´ÙÀ½¹ø Àӽſ¡¼ ¸¸¾à Rh(+)¸¦ °¡Áø ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ÀÓ½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ÀÌ Ç×ü°¡ ŹÝÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ žƿ¡°Ô °Ç³Ê°¡¼ žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í °áÇÕÀ» ÇÏ¿© ÀûÇ÷±¸ÀÇ ÆÄ±«¸¦ À¯µµÇÑ´Ù. 2) ABO Àû¸ð±¸ÁõÀûÇ÷±¸Ç¥¸é¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Ç׿ø Áß¿¡¼ A, BÇ׿øÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀ¸·Î Ç÷¾×ÇüÀ» Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ABOÇü Ç÷¾×ÇüÀÌ´Ù. ABO Àû¸ð±¸ÁõÀº ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í žƻçÀÌÀÇ ÀÌ ABO Ç÷¾×ÇüÀÇ ºÎÀûÇÕÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ »ý±â´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â Ç×ü°¡ ŹÝÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ žƿ¡°Ô °Ç³Ê°¬À» °æ¿ì¿¡ »ý±ä´Ù. Áï ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ OÇüÀÇ Ç÷¾×ÇüÀ» °¡Á³À» °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î A, BÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö Ç׿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¸ðµÎ Ç×ü¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ žư¡ AÇüÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â A¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü°¡ ŹÝÀ» ÅëÇØ¼ °Ç³Ê¿ÔÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ À̰Ͱú žÆÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ ºÎÂøÀÌ µÇ°í Ç×ü°¡ ºÎÂøÀÌ µÈ ÀûÇ÷±¸´Â ¿ª½Ã ÆÄ±«°¡ µÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ OÇü, ¾Æ±â°¡ AÇü, ȤÀº BÇüÀÏ ¶§ ÀϾÙ. ABOÀû¾Æ±¸ÁõÀÇ Áõ¼¼´Â Rh Àû¸ðÁõº¸´Ù °¡º¿ì³ª ÈξÀ ´õ ºó¹øÀÌ ÀϾÙ. ±×·¯³ª Rh Àû¸ð±¸ÁõÀº ù¹øÂ° ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡¼ Àû°Ô »ý±â°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì µÎ¹øÂ° ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡¼ ¸¹ÀÌ »ý±â´Âµ¥ ºñÇÏ¿© ABO Àû¸ð±¸ÁõÀº ¾à 50%°¡ ù ¾Æ±â¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. |
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| ¿µ¹® | esophageal varix | ÇÑ±Û | ½ÄµµÁ¤¸Æ·ù |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼³¸í | À§, ¼ÒÀåÀ̳ª ´ëÀå¿¡¼ ¿µ¾çºÐÀ» Èí¼öÇϱâÀ§ÇÑ ¸ð¼¼Ç÷°üÁ¶Á÷Àº ¸ðµÎ °£À¸·Î ¿¬°áÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Áï ¼Òȱ⿡¼ Èí¼öÇÑ ¿µ¾çºÐÀÌ °¡µæÇÑ ÇÇ´Â ¸ðµÎ °£À¸·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Âµ¥ À̰ÍÀ» ¹®¸Æ°è(portal system)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ¹®¸Æ°èÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹®¸Æ°íÇ÷¾Ð(portal hypertension)ÀÌ¶ó ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¹®¸Æ¾ÐÀÇ »ó½ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹®¸Æ°è¿Í ¿¬°áÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ºÎºÐÀÇ Á¤¸ÆÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í Á¤¸ÆÀÇ ¼øÈ¯ÀÌ Á¤ÁöµÈ »óŰ¡ µÈ´Ù. ½ÄµµÀÇ Á¤¸Æµµ ¹®¸Æ°è¿Í ¿¬°áÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¸¸¾à ¹®¸Æ¾ÐÀÇ Ç×ÁøÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¿ª½Ã À̰÷ÀÇ Á¤¸ÆÀÇ Ç÷¾×ÀÌ ¼øÈ¯ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê°í Á¤Ã¼µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¼ ¸¹Àº Ç÷¾×ÀÌ ½ÄµµÀÇ Á¤¸Æ¿¡ °íÀÌ°Ô µÇ¾î¼ Á¤¸ÆÀÇ È®ÀåÀÌ ÀϾÙ. ÀÌ·¸°Ô È®ÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Á¤¸ÆÀ» Á¤¸ÆÀÚ·ç(varix)¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÄµµÀÇ Á¤¸ÆÀÚ·ç´Â Àڱؿ¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÆÄ¿ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ°í, ¸¸¾à ÆÄ¿ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ä¡°¡ ÃëÇØÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÃâÇ÷·Î »ç¸ÁÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ¹®¸Æ°íÇ÷¾ÐÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â °£°æÈ µîÀÇ °£Áúȯ, ¹®¸ÆÀ» ±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¸·´Â Áúȯ µîÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº °ÍÀº °£°æÈÁõ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. |
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| ECG lead | An electrocardiographic cable with connections within the electronics of the machine designated for an electrode placed at a particular point on the body surface. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| ecgonine | <chemistry> A colourless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine. Origin: Gr. 'ekgonos sprung from. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ecgonine benzoate | A metabolite of cocaine produced by hydrolysis; it can be found in the urine. Synonym: benzoate, ecgonine benzoate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| echelon | To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon. 1. An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. 2. <astronomy> An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or form. <optics> Echelon lens, a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; used in lighthouses. Origin: F, fr. Echelle ladder, fr. L. Scala. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| echeosis | Rarely used term for a mental disturbance caused by continuous disturbing noises. Origin: G. Echein, to suffer from noises in ears (05 Mar 2000) |
| echidna | 1. A monster, half maid and half serpent. 2. <zoology> A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and new Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater. Origin: L, a viper, adder, Gr. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| echidnine | <chemistry> The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus. See: Echidna. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Echidnophaga gallinacea | The sticktight flea, a serious pest of poultry in subtropical America; also frequently attacks domestic mammals and humans. (05 Mar 2000) |
| echin- | See: echino-. (05 Mar 2000) |
| echinacea | <botany> A commonly used herb for maintaining the immune system. There is evidence that use of echinacea can increase levels of tumour necrosis factor which is often already elevated in HIV positive people and may contribute to both wasting and the replication of HIV. Little clinical trial data are available on the herb's value in HIV and AIDS. (19 Jan 1998) |
| echinate | Bearing stiff, stout, prickly hairs. (09 Oct 1997) |
| echinid | <zoology> Same as Echinoid. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| echinidan | <zoology> One the Echinoidea. Origin: Cf. F. Echinide. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| echinite | <paleontology> A fossil echinoid. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| echino- | Echin- Prickly, spiny. Origin: G. Echinos, hedgehog, sea urchin (05 Mar 2000) |
Synonyms : Echo Virus 9
Synonyms : Echo Virus Infections, Infections, Echo Virus, Infections, Echovirus, Echo Virus Infection, Echovirus Infection, Infection, Echo Virus, Infection, Echovirus
Synonyms : Eclampsias
Synonyms : Historical Eclecticism
Synonyms :
Á¦Ç°¸í |
ÆÇ¸Å»ç |
º¸ÇèÄÚµå | ¼ººÐ/ÇÔ·® | ±¸ºÐ/º¸Çè±Þ¿© |
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| emotional |
determined or actuated by emotion rather than reason; "it was an emotional judgment" of more than usual emotion; "his behavior was highly emotional" of or pertaining to emotion; "emotional health"; "an emotional crisis" effusive: extravagantly demonstrative; "insincere and effusive demonstrations of sentimental friendship"; "a large gushing female"; "write unrestrained and gushy poetry" aroused: (of persons) excessively affected by emotion; "he would become emotional over nothing at all"; "she was worked up about all the noise"
Ãâó: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
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| extractible |
extractable: capable of being extracted
Ãâó: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| electric burn |
a burn caused by heat produced by an electric current
Ãâó: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| encopresis |
involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
Ãâó: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| ergocalciferol |
vitamin D: a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets
Ãâó: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
|
| E | the universal time coordinated when an event is received on Earth |
|---|---|
| E | any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles |
| E | connected with earthly life |
| E | springing from or born on the earth |
| E | of earthly origin (as mortals are) |
| E | confined to the earth |
| E | lacking wit or imagination |
| E | made of earth (or baked clay) |
| E | ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat |
| E | an earthen jar (made of baked clay) |
| E | fastening electrical equipment to earth |
| E | earth colored |
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