| polarizable | Susceptible of polarization. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
|---|---|
| polarization | 1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity. 2. <optics> A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions. If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56 deg, be received upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore, acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass, and is called polarized light, while the modification which the light has experienced by this reflection is called polarization. The plane in which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called the plane of polarization. The angle of polarization is the angle at which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may be the most complete. The term polarization was derived from the theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be partially polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory polarization. A beam of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or elliptical polarization. 3. <physics> An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of an opposing electromotive force, both of which tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the cell. Origin: Cf. F. Polarization. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| polarization colours | <microscopy> Interference colours produced by anisotropic substances placed between two polarizing elements and examined by transmitted white light. See: Michel-Levy scale of retardation colours. (05 Aug 1998) |
| polarization microscopy | <procedure> Any form of microscopy capable of detecting birefringent objects. Usually performed with a polarizing element below the stage to produce plane polarized light and an analyser that is set to give total extinction of the background and thus to detect any birefringence. (18 Nov 1997) |
| polarize | To communicate polarity to. Origin: Cf. F. Polarizer. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| polarized light | <microscopy> Light that is vibrating in one plane (plane-polarized light), light with a rotary vibration (circular polarized light), or light that is vibrating elliptically (elliptically polarized light). Moonlight and skylight are polarized, as is much reflected light, cloud light is polarized under certain conditions. However, naturally polarized light is, on the whole, rather imperfectly polarized. (05 Aug 1998) |
| polarized light microscope | <instrument, microscopy> A microscopical polarizcope, i.e., a compound microscope which is equipped with two polars and a Bertrand lens, chemists and mineralogists are the principal users. (05 Aug 1998) |
| polarizer | <physics> That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polarizcope which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal. <microscopy> A first polarizing element inserted before a preparation. When its vibration direction is at right angles to the vibration direction of the analyser, the field becomes black if no anisotropic specimen is on the stage or when viewing an anisotropic substance in an extinction position or directly down an optic axis of an anisotropic crystal. See: analyser, eyepiece, positive. (28 Oct 1998) |
| polarizing element | <microscopy> A general term for a device for producing or analysing plane-polarized light. It may be a Nicol prism, some other form of calcite prism, a reflecting surface, or a polarizing filter. (05 Aug 1998) |
| polarizing power | <chemistry> Means that a charged species such as a proton can attract negatively charged electrons which causes a shift in the orbital. The higher the positive charge and the smaller the smaller the size, the greater the polarizing power of the species. (09 Jan 1998) |
| polarography | An electrochemical technique for identifying and estimating the concentration of reducible elements by means of the dual measurement of the current flowing through an electrochemical cell (which contains the test solution) and the electrical potential between the two electrodes as the potential is increased at a constant rate by an external voltage source. As the voltage reaches the standard electrode potential of the test substance, there is a sharp increase in current flow. The indicator electrode is usually a dropping mercury electrode. (12 Dec 1998) |
| polars | <microscopy> Two polarizing elements in a polarized light microscope. The polar placed between the light source and substage condenser is called the polarizer, the polar placed between the objective and ocular is called the analyser. The vibration directions of the two polars may be crossed 90 degrees, to achieve crossed polars, slightly uncrossing one polar gives slightly uncrossed polars, removing the analyser results in plane-polarized light. (05 Aug 1998) |
| polary | Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| polatouche | <zoology> A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia. Synonym: minene. Origin: F. (01 Mar 1998) |
| poldine methylsulfate | 2-Benziloyloxymethyl-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium methylsulfate;an anticholinergic agent. (05 Mar 2000) |
Synonyms : ARPKD, Polycystic Kidney and Hepatic Disease 1 (Autosomal Recessive)
Synonyms : Sclerocystic Ovarian Degeneration, Sclerocystic Ovaries, Sclerocystic Ovary Syndrome, Ovarian Degeneration, Sclerocystic, Ovaries, Sclerocystic, Ovary Syndrome, Polycystic, Ovary, Sclerocystic, Sclerocystic Ovary, Stein Leventhal Syndrome
Synonyms : Erythrocytoses, Polycythemias
Synonyms : Disease, Osler-Vaquez, Erythremias, Osler Vaquez Disease
Synonyms : Hyperdactyly, Polydactylia, Polydactylism, Hyperdactylies, Polydactylias, Polydactylies, Polydactylisms
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| Poisson distribution |
a theoretical distribution that is a good approximation to the binomial distribution when the probability is small and the number of trials is large
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| pollutant |
waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil
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| polychromatic |
(of light or other electromagnetic radiation) composed of more than one wavelength; "polychromatic light" having or exhibiting many colors
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| pokeweed |
perennial of the genus Phytolacca
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| polluter |
a person or organization that causes pollution of the environment
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| PO | a state of deeply felt distress or sorrow |
|---|---|
| PO | a quality that arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow) |
| PO | a state of deeply felt distress or sorrow |
| PO | arousing affect |
| PO | keenly distressing to the mind or feelings |
| PO | in a poignant or touching manner |
| PO | of animals except birds and mammals |
| PO | of animals except birds and mammals |
| PO | thick stew made of rice and chicken and small game |
| PO | a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers |
| PO | small subgenus of ornamental tropical shrubs or trees |
| PO | a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers |
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