| dystonia, dopa-responsive | A condition successfully treated with drugs. Typically, DRD begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity. Segawa's dystonia is an important variant of DRD. In Segawa's dystonia, the symptoms fluctuate during the day from relative mobility in the morning to increasingly worse disability in the afternoon and evening as well as after exercise. Some scientists feel DRD is not only rare but also rarely diagnosed since it mimics many of the symptoms of cerebral palsy. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| dystonia, focal, due to blepharospasm | The second most common focal dystonia, the involuntary, forcible closure of the eyelids. The first symptoms may be uncontrollable blinking. Only one eye may be affected initially, but eventually both eyes are usually involved. The spasms may leave the eyelids completely closed causing functional blindness even though the eyes and vision are normal. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, focal, due to torticollis | Spasmodic torticollis, or torticollis, is the most common of the focal dystonias. In torticollis, the muscles in the neck that control the position of the head are affected, causing the head to twist and turn to one side. In addition, the head may be pulled forward or backward. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, idiopathic torsion | A form of dystonia known as early-onset torsion dystonia (also called generalised torsion dystonia) begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually spread to the rest of the body within about 5 years. Early-onset torsion dystonia is not fatal, but it can be severely debilitating. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, oromandibular | Oromandibular dystonia affects the muscles of the jaw, lips, and tongue. The jaw may be pulled either open or shut, and speech and swallowing can be difficult. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, segawa's | An important variant of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), a condition successfully treated with drugs. Typically, DRD begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity. In Segawa's dystonia, the symptoms fluctuate during the day from relative mobility in the morning to increasingly worse disability in the afternoon and evening as well as after exercise. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, torsion | A form of dystonia known as early-onset torsion dystonia (also called idiopathic or generalised torsion dystonia) begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually spread to the rest of the body within about 5 years. Early-onset torsion dystonia is not fatal, but it can be severely debilitating. most children with the disorder are unable to perform the simplest of motor tasks and are confined to a wheelchair by the time they reach adulthood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, writer's cramp | A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs during handwriting. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist's cramp, pianist's cramp, musician's cramp, and golfer's cramp. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonic | Pertaining to dystonia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystonic reaction | <pharmacology> Prolonged muscle contractions that may cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture. May occur in the form of rhythmic jerks. Can be seen as a side effect from antipsychotic medications and drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (27 Sep 1997) |
| dystonic torticollis | A disorder of unknown cause, manifested as a restricted dystonia, localised to some of the neck muscles, especially the sternomastoid and trapezius; occurs in adults and tends to progress slowly; the head movements increase with standing and walking and decrease with contractual stimuli, e.g., touching the chin or neck. Synonym: dystonic torticollis, rotatory spasm, rotatory tic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystopia | Faulty or abnormal position of a part or organ. Synonym: allotopia, malposition. Origin: dys-+ G. Topos, place (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystopic | Pertaining to, or characterised by, dystopia. See: ectopic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystroglycan | <protein> Complex composed of two proteins and dystroglycans (formerly known as 156DAG and 43DAG / A3a respectively) derived from a single precursor by proteolytic cleavage. Dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that associates with dystrophin in the cytoplasm and dystroglycan, an extracellular glycoprotein, on the exterior face. Dystroglycan binds to merosin, thus linking actin through dystrophin and dystroglycan to the extracellular matrix. Also associates with sarcoglycan. Dystrophin deficiency leads to a deficiency in the appearance of these proteins on the sarcolemma, even though they are not themselves defective. (18 Nov 1997) |
| dystrophia | <pathology> Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. Origin: L. Dystrophia, Gr. Trephein = to nourish (18 Nov 1997) |
| dystonia |
A disease associated with muscle spasms and twisting of the arms and head.
출처: www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n3/glossary/nrg1018_...
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| dystrophin |
A protein that is absent in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It is thought to participate in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
출처: www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v2/n4/glossary/nrn0401_...
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| dysplasia |
Potentially precancerous abnormality of cervical cells.
출처: www.ehealthmd.com/library/cervicalcancer/CC_glossa...
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| dysplastic nevus |
A mole with an unusual appearance; different from common moles
출처: www.ehealthmd.com/library/melanoma/MEL_glossary.ht...
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| dysplasia |
An early stage of carcinogenesis characterized by changes in epithelial morphology.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~D.html
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