| osmotic d.’s |
diuretics such as mannitol that are filtered at the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the renal tubule only to a limited extent; they thus increase the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine with a corresponding increase in urine volume, and increase the osmolality of plasma. They also increase diffusion of water from the intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids and so are often used for reducing the pressure and volume of these fluids.
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| osmotic f. |
susceptibility of erythrocytes to rupture when subjected to increasingly hypotonic saline solutions; seen in some forms of hemolytic anemia and spherocytosis. See also osmotic fragility test, under test.
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| osmotic fragility t. |
(for spherocytosis): heparinized or defibrinated blood is placed in tubes of sodium chloride solution (pH 7.4) varying in concentration from 0.85 to 0.00 per cent (w/v); the amount of hemolysis in each tube is determined colorimetrically. Increased fragility indicates spherocytosis.
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| osmotic n. |
hypokalemic nephropathy.
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| osmotic p. |
the pressure required to stop osmosis through a semipermeable membrane between a solution and pure solvent; it is proportional to the osmolality of the solution and also to other colligative properties of the solution, including freezing point depression, vapor pressure depression, and boiling point elevation. Symbol π.
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