| temporomandibular joint disorders | A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and X-rays are often inadequate or non-specific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| temporomandibular joint dysfunction | Chronic or impaired function of the temporomandibular articulation. See: temporomandibular arthrosis, myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome | <syndrome> A symptom complex consisting of pain, muscle tenderness, clicking in the joint, and limitation or alteration of mandibular movement. The symptoms are subjective and manifested primarily in the masticatory muscles rather than the temporomandibular joint itself. Aetiologic factors are uncertain but include occlusal dysharmony and psychophysiologic factors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| thigh joint | The ball-and-socket synovial joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum. Synonym: articulatio coxae, coxa, thigh joint. (05 Mar 2000) |
| elbow joint | A compound hinge synovial joint between the humerus and the bones of the forearm; it consists of the articulatio humeroradialis and the articulatio humeroulnaris. Synonym: articulatio cubiti, cubital joint. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ellipsoidal joint | A modified ball-and-socket synovial joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated or ellipsoidal; it is a biaxial joint, i.e., two axes of motion at right angles to each other, the radiocarpal being an example. Synonym: articulatio ellipsoidea, articulatio condylaris, condylar articulation, condylar joint. (05 Mar 2000) |
| total joint arthroplasty | Arthroplasty in which both joint surfaces are replaced with artificial materials, usually metal and high-density plastic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| total knee joint replacement | Surgery involving the replacement of the knee joint with artificial components which reestablishes normal joint function. Indicated in cases of severe knee fracture or degenerative arthritis (DJD) unresponsive to medical therapy. (27 Sep 1997) |
| enarthrodial joint | A multiaxial synovial joint in which a more or less extensive sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone, as in the hip joint. Synonym: articulatio spheroidea, articulatio cotylica, cotyloid joint, enarthrodial joint, enarthrosis, socket joint, spheroid articulation, spheroid joint. (05 Mar 2000) |
| transverse tarsal joint | The synovial joints between the talus and navicular bone medially and the calcaneus and navicular bones laterally which act as a unit in allowing the front of the foot to pivot relative to the back of the foot about the longitudinal axis of the foot, contributing to the total inversion and eversion movements. Synonym: articulatio tarsi transversa, Chopart's joint, midtarsal joint, transverse tarsal articulation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| trochoid joint | A synovial joint in which a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a corresponding cavity on the other, as in the proximal radioulnar joint. Synonym: articulatio trochoidea, helicoid ginglymus, lateral ginglymus, rotary joint, rotatory joint, trochoid articulation, trochoid joint. (05 Mar 2000) |
| jaw joint | <anatomy, dentistry> The joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull. (12 Jan 1998) |
| joint | 1. To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together; as, to joint boards. "Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood." (Pope) 2. To join; to connect; to unite; to combine. "Jointing their force 'gainst Caesar." (Shak) 3. To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate. "The fingers are jointed together for motion." (Ray) 4. To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. "He joints the neck. "Quartering, jointing, seething, and roasting." (Holland) Origin: Jointed; Jointing. 1. The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united; the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a close-fitting or junction; junction as, a joint between two pieces of timber; a joint in a pipe. 2. A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint. See Articulation. "A scaly gauntlet now, with joints of steel, Must glove this hand." (Shak) "To tear thee joint by joint." (Milton) 3. The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the leg. 4. Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the butcher for roasting. 5. <geology> A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock transverse to the stratification. 6. The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies joined and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; as, a thin joint. 7. The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure are secured together. Coursing joint, the chair that supports the ends of abutting rails. Joint coupling, a universal joint for coupling shafting. See Universal. Joint hinge, a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge. Joint splice, a reenforce at a joint, to sustain the parts in their true relation. Joint stool. A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool. A block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint; a joint chair. Out of joint, out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well together; disordered. "The time is out of joint." Origin: F. Joint, fr. Joindre, p. P. Joint. See Join. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| joint branches | Branches distributed to joints. Almost any vessel related to a joint will supply articular rami. Most joints receive articular branches from the intramuscular branches of the motor nerves innervating the muscles crossing the joint (see Hilton's law). at this printing, Nomina Anatomica, however, specifically recognises only the articular branches of the descending genicular artery, ramus articulares arteriae descendentis genicularis; supplying the knee joint. Synonym: rami articulares, joint branches. (05 Mar 2000) |
| joint capsule | The sac-like envelope which encloses the cavity of a synovial joint by attaching to the circumference of the articular end of each involved bone. It consists of two layers. The fibrous membrane of the articular capsule (membrana fibrosa capsulae articularis) is the outer layer and is composed of dense white fibrous tissue. The synovial membrane (membrana synovialis capsulae articularis) is the inner layer composed of loose connective tissue and possessing a smooth surface lining the joint cavity. (12 Dec 1998) |