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acetyl-CoA thiolase An acetyltransferase forming acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, releasing one CoA. A key step in ketogenesis and sterol synthesis.
Synonym: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA thiolase, thiolase.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetyl-CoA-1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase <enzyme> Transfers acetate from acetyl CoA to the sn-2-position of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-glycerophosphocholine, forming the substrate for 1-alkylglycerophosphocholine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.67)
Registry number: EC 2.3.1.-
Synonym: acopc acetyltransferase, 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-acetyl CoA acetyltransferase, alkyllyso-gp-acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, acetyl-coenzyme a-1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase
(26 Jun 1999)
acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide acetyltransferase <enzyme> An enzyme involved in the synthesis of certain carbohydrate moieties on proteins. A deficiency of this enzyme leads to mucopolysaccharidosis type III C.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetyl-coenzyme A <enzyme> Condensation product of coenzyme A and acetic acid, symbolised as CoAS~COCH3; intermediate in transfer of two-carbon fragment, notably in its entrance into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in fatty acid synthesis.
This coenzyme plays a huge role in intermediary metabolism, in which cells synthesise, break down or use nutrient molecules for energy production, growth, etc.
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthase is found in bacteria and plants and catalyses the reaction in which acetate enters metabolic pathways and forms acetyl-coenzyme A.
Synonym: acetyl-coenzyme A, active acetate.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetyl-coenzyme A-deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase <enzyme> Catalyses the final step in vindoline biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus
Registry number: EC 2.3.1.107
Synonym: acadv-acetyltransferase, acetylcoenzyme a-deacetylvindoline-17-o-acetyltransferase
(26 Jun 1999)
acetyl-coenzyme A-salutaridinol-7-O-acetyltransferase <enzyme> Catalyses the transfer of acetyl from acetyl coenzyme a to the 7-oh group of salutaridinol which yields salutaridinol-7-o-acetate, an intermediate in morphine biosynthesis; from papaver somniferum plant cell cultures
Registry number: EC 2.3.1.-
Synonym: acetyl CoA-salutaridinol-7-o-acetyltransferase, salutaridinol-7-o-acetyltransferase
(26 Jun 1999)
acetyladenylate Mixed anhydride between the carboxyl group of acetic acid and the phosphoric residue of adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid; Ado(5')OP(O2H)-OCOCH3.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetylajmaline acetylesterase <enzyme> From rauwolfia serpentina benth.; catalyses the reversible hydrolysis of 17-o-acetylated alkaloids of the ajmalan group to ajmaline or other deacetylated cpds
Registry number: EC 3.1.1.-
(26 Jun 1999)
acetylase Any enzyme catalyzing acetylation or deacetylation, as in the formation of N-acetylglutamate from glutamate plus acetyl-CoA, or the reverse; acetylase's are usually called acetyltransferases.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetylation Formation of an acetyl derivative.
(12 Dec 1998)
acetylcarbromal N-acetyl-N'-(bromodiethylacetyl)urea;a sedative replaced by benzodiazepines and newer drugs.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetylcarnitine <chemical> An acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates movement of acetyl CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.
Pharmacological action: nootropic agents.
Chemical name: 1-Propanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt
(12 Dec 1998)
acetylcholine <chemical, neurology, physiology> A chemical found in vertebrate neurons that carries information across the synaptic cleft, the space between two nerve cells.
(06 May 1997)
acetylcholine chloride A miotic, administered as an ophthalmic solution for parasympathomimetic effect; used in cataract surgery.
(05 Mar 2000)
acetylcholine receptor antibodies <neurology, investigation> A test used to measure the amount of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors on nerve endings. This is a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis. A normal value is no antibodies in the bloodstream.
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) binding autoantibodies (i.e. Antibodies reactive with several epitopes other than the binding site for acetylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin) are present in approximately 88% of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis, 70% of ocular myasthenia and in approximately 80% of myasthenia gravis in remission.
Although serum concentrations of AChR binding autoantibodies do not in general correlate well with severity of weakness, there is typical decrease in concentration as weakness improves with immunosuppressive therapy.
AChR blocking autoantibodies (i.e., antibodies reactive with the AChR binding site) are present in about 50% of patients with myasthenia gravis, 30% with ocular myasthenia gravis and 20% of myasthenia gravis in remission, AChR blocking autoantibodies are the only AChR autoantibodies present in about 1% of myasthenia gravis.
AChR modulating autoantibodies (i.e., autoantibodies which cross-link AChRs and cause their removal from muscle membrane surfaces) are present in more than 90% of myasthenia gravis and occasionally are the only AchR autoantibodies detectable in mild, recent onset or ocular-restricted myasthenia gravis.
Results for AChR modulating autoantibodies can be transiently false-positive due to curare-like drugs used during general anesthesia. AChR autoantibodies of one or more types are found in at least 80% of ocular myasthenia gravis.
Although generally absent in neurological conditions other than myasthenia gravis(and consequently unlikely to cause confusion in neurodiagnosis), false-positive results for AChR autoantibodies occasionally occur in primary biliary cirrhosis, tardive dyskinesia, autoimmune thyroiditis, the elderly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients treated with cobra venom and patients with thymoma in the absence of myasthenia gravis. Approximately 1% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine develop AChR autoantibodies and myasthenia gravis, both of which disappear when the drug is discontinued.
Babies born to ~10% of myasthenia gravis mothers have a transient neonatal form of myasthenia gravis that responds well to anticholinesterase therapy and usually remits within 1 month as maternal IgG disappears.
(29 Dec 1997)
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acetylcholine Biochemical substance, a neurotransmitter that promotes the propagation of electrical impulses from one nerve cell to another in carbon-based life.
Ãâó: www.angelfire.com/trek/pathfinderalliance/terminol...
acetabulum that segment of the postpectus that is situated behind the perist?hium; it is bounded each side by the parapleur? and behind by the m?ian? it contains cavities before for the insertion of the intermediate feet.
Ãâó: www.biology.lsu.edu/heydrjay/ThomasSay/terms.html
acetaminophen A synthetic chemical used as an analgesic and as an antipyretic.
Ãâó: science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/chemica...
acetylcholine A neurotransmitter that may function in the brain to regulate memory and that controls the actions of skeletal and smooth muscle in the peripheral nervous system.
Ãâó: science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/addicti...
acetaldehyde One of the first products of the body
Ãâó: science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih3/alcohol...
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