| glycosaminoglycan | <biochemistry> A macromolecule found on the surface of eukaryotic cells which is thought to play a role in the cells recognition of other cells or of a substrate. It consists of a network of long, branched chains made up of repeating units of disaccharides which contain amino groups sugars, at least one of which has a negatively charged side group (carboxylate or sulphate). Commonest are hyaluronate (D glucuronic acid N acetyl D glucosamine: MW up to 10 million), chondroitin sulphate (D glucuronic acid N acetyl D galactosamine 4 or 6 sulphate), dermatan sulphate (D glucuronic acid or L iduronic acid N acetyl D galactosamine), keratan sulphate (D galactose N acetyl D glucosamine sulphate) and heparan sulphate (D glucuronic acid or L iduronic acid N acetyl D glucosamine). Glycosaminoglycan side chains (with the exception of hyaluronate) are covalently attached to a core protein at about every 12 amino acid residues to produce a proteoglycan, these proteoglycans are then noncovalently attached by link proteins to hyaluronate, forming an enormous hydrated space filling polymer found in extracellular matrix. The extent of sulphation is variable and the structure allows tremendous diversity. The protein is also a component of the capsid of a retrovirus which can act as group-specific antigens to the host. (14 Oct 1997) |
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| glycosaminoglycans | Heteropolysaccharides which contain an n-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either n-acetylglucosamine or n-acetylgalactosamine. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosecretory | Causing or involved in the secretion of glycogen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycosialia | The presence of sugar in the saliva. Synonym: glycoptyalism. Origin: Glyco-+ G. Sialon, saliva (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycosialorrhoea | An excessive secretion of saliva that contains sugar. Origin: Glyco-+ G. Sialon, saliva, + rhoia, a flow (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycosidase | <enzyme> General and imprecise term for an enzyme that breaks up and degrades complex sugar subunits of a polysaccharide such as starch or sucrose into simple ones, such as glucose or fructose. Widely used in food processing. It may distinguish between alpha and beta links but is not very substrate specific. (13 Nov 1997) |
| glycosidases | A class of hydrolytic enzymes that act on glycosides; alpha-glycosidases act on alpha-glycosidic linkages (e.g., alpha-amylase) while beta-glycosidases act on beta-glycosidic linkages (e.g., beta-glucosidase). (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycoside | <biochemistry> Any compound that contains a carbohydrate molecule (sugar), particularly any such natural product in plants, convertible, by hydrolytic cleavage, into sugar and a nonsugar component (aglycone) and named specifically for the sugar contained, as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose) etc. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glycoside hydrolases | <enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.2.1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosides | Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosidic | Referring to or denoting a glycoside or glycoside linkage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycosidic bond | <biochemistry> A bond between a sugar andanother organic molecule by way of anintervening nitrogen or oxygen atom. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glycosine | <chemistry> An organic base, C6H6N4, produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| glycosome | <cell biology> Microbody containing glycolytic enzymes, found in protozoa of the Kinetoplastida (e.g. Trypanosomes). Origin: Gr. Soma = body (18 Nov 1997) |
| glycosphingolipid | <biochemistry> Ceramide derivatives containing more than one sugar residue. If sialic acid is present these are called gangliosides. (18 Nov 1997) |
Synonyms :
Synonyms : Embden-Meyerhof Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway, Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway, Embden Meyerhof Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof Pathways, Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof, Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, Pathways, Embden-Meyerhof
Synonyms :
Synonyms : Glycoconnectin, Glycophorin A, Glycophorin A(M), Glycophorin B, Glycophorin C, Glycophorin E, Glycophorin HA, Ss Erythrocyte Membrane Sialoglycoproteins, Ss Sialoglycoprotein, beta-Sialoglycoprotein, Sialoglycoprotein, Erythrocyte, Sialoglycoprotein, MN
Synonyms : ASGPH, CG-alpha, Chorionic Gonadotropin, alpha, Chorionic Gonadotropin, alpha Subunit, Common alpha Subunit Glycoprotein Hormones, FSH-alpha, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, alpha Subunit, Genzyme Brand of Thyrotropin Alfa, Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Chain
| glycoside |
Any of a large class of natural or synthetic compounds such as anthocyanin that are acetal derivatives of sugars and that on hydrolysis yield one or more molecules of a sugar, often a noncarbohydrate.
출처: www.knowledgebank.irri.org/glossary/Glossary/G.htm
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| glycogen |
A food storage molecule. Glycogen is the main form in which carbohydrates are stored in the body. It can be broken down to form glucose to provide the body with energy.
출처: www.spinalnet.co.uk/EEndCom/GBCON/homepage.nsf/0/C...
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| glyc |
glucose (sugar) hyper/glyc/emia (high blood sugar)
출처: www.thebody.com/gmhc/issues/jan01/terminology.html
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| glycerol |
the central structural component of triglycerides and phospholipids.
출처: www.thebody.com/sfaf/summer01/glossary.html
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| glycemic index |
Shows how different types of carbohydrate-containing foods can raise the blood glucose levels within two hours. Carbohydrates that raise the blood sugar the fastest, such as potatoes, have the highest glycemic index.
출처: www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/diet/worksh...
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