| DNA, recombinant | Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| DNA renaturation | <molecular biology> The reformation of double stranded DNA from thermally denatured DNA. The rate of reassociation depends upon the degree of repetition and is slowest for unique sequences (this is the basis of the Cot value). (18 Nov 1997) |
| DNA, repetitive | DNA sequences that are repeated in the genome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA replicase | <enzyme> An aspect of EC 2.7.7.7; mouse enzyme has both DNA polymerase and DNA primase activity Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| DNA replication | <molecular biology> The process whereby a copy of a DNA molecule is made and thus the genetic information it contains is duplicated. The parental double stranded DNA molecule is replicated semi conservatively, i.e. Each copy contains one of the original strands paired with a newly synthesised strand that is complementary in terms of at and GC base pairing. Though in this sense conceptually simple, mechanistically a complex process involving a number of enzymes. (18 Nov 1997) |
| DNA reverse gyrase | <enzyme> A topoisomerase II subclass which introduces positive superhelical turns into DNA Registry number: EC 3.1.- Synonym: reverse gyrase (26 Jun 1999) |
| DNA, ribosomal | DNA sequences encoding ribosomal RNA. These sequences regulate amplification and transcription initiation and contain transcribed and nontranscribed spacer segments. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA-RNA hybrid | Double-stranded polynucleic acids in which one strand is DNA and the other strand is the complementary RNA; formed during transcription and during multiplication of oncogenic RNA viruses. (05 Mar 2000) |
| DNA-RNA hybridisation | <molecular biology> A type of hybridisation. In this case, a strand of DNA is joined with a complementary strand of RNA to form a double-stranded molecule (or one which is partly double-stranded, if one of the original single strands is shorter than the other). (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA, satellite | DNA that contains many tandem (not inverted) repeats of a short basic repeating unit. Satellite DNA is located at very specific spots in the genome (on chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and the Y chromosome, the tiny short arms of chromosomes 13-15 and 21 and 22, and near the centromeres of chromosomes). (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA sequence | <molecular biology> The relative order of base pairs, whether in a fragment of DNA, a gene, a chromosome, or an entire genome. See: base sequence analysis. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA sequence analysis | <molecular biology> Determination of the nucleotide sequence of a length of DNA. Typically, this is performed by cloning the DNA of interest, so that enough can be prepared to allow the sequence to be determined, usually by the Sanger dideoxy chain temination or Maxam Gilbert chain degradation techniques. The resulting reactions are then run on a large sequencing gel, capable of resolving single nucleotide differences in chain length. Recently, PCR based methods have obviated the need to clone the DNA under some conditions and automated DNA sequencing has become widely available. (18 Nov 1997) |
| DNA sequence, unstable | DNA region comprised of a variable number of repetitive, contiguous trinucleotide sequences. Presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as fragile x syndrome and myotonia atrophica. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA sequencing | <molecular biology> Any lab technique used to find out the sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule or fragment. Examples are dideoxy sequencing and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA shearing | <molecular biology> The tearing apart of unusually long DNA molecules by mechanical rather than chemical means, sometimes by accident when the molecule is being prepared in the lab for testing. (09 Oct 1997) |