| aldaric acid | One of a group of sugar acids characterised by the formula HOOC-(CHOH)n-COOH; e.g., saccharic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| aldehydic acid | <biochemistry> Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-cooh) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-cho). (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldobiuronic acid | Condensation products of an aldose and a uronic acid; such groupings occur among the components of various mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allantoic acid | Diureidoacetic acid;a degradation product of allantoin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allodeoxycholic acid | 3a,12alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid, one of the bile acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allomaleic acid | Trans-Butanedioic acid;an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid occurring as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Synonym: allomaleic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allophanic acid | NH2CONHCOOH; urea carbonic acid;its amide is biuret (allophanamide). Synonym: carbamoylcarbamic acid, N-carboxyurea. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-acetolactic acid | An intermediate in pyruvic acid catabolism and valine biosynthesis; CH3COC(OH)(CH3)-COOH. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | <chemical> Alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid. An ibotenic acid homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the ampa subtype of glutamate receptors (receptors, ampa). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. Pharmacological action: excitatory amino acid agonists. Chemical name: 4-Isoxazolepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo- (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha-amino acid | Typically, an amino acid of the general formula R-CHNH2-COOH (i.e., the NH2 in the a position); the l forms of these are the hydrolysis products of proteins. In rarer usages, this class of molecules also includes alpha-amino phosphoric acids and alpha-aminosulfonic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino acid esterase | <enzyme> Converts alpha-amino acid esters and water to alpha-amino acids and alcohol Registry number: EC 3.1.1.43 Synonym: alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| alpha-aminoadipic acid | 2-amino-1,6-hexanedioic acid;an intermediate of lysine biosynthesis in higher fungi and bacteria, but not in algae and higher plants. Also in degradation of lysine in mammals. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipic acid | 2-Amino-3-oxo-1,6-hexanedioic acid;an intermediate of porphobilinogen synthesis formed by d-aminolevulinic acid synthase from succinyl-CoA and glycine; it rapidly decarboxylates to d-aminolevulinic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-aminoglutaric acid | <amino acid> One of the 20 _ amino acids commonly found in proteins. Plays a central role in amino acid metabolism, acting as precursor of glutamine, proline and arginine. Also acts as amino group donor in synthesis by transamination of alanine from pyruvate and aspartic acid from oxaloacetate. Glutamate is also a neurotransmitter, the product of its decarboxylation is the inhibitory neurotransmitter amino butyrate (GABA). (18 Nov 1997) |
| alpha-aminoisobutyric acid | 2-amino-2-methylpropionic acid;a synthetic amino acid useful in the study of amino acid transport across cell membranes and in the study of cytokine effects; it is not metabolised by the cell. (05 Mar 2000) |