| AAR | active avoidance reaction; acute articular rheumatism; antigen-antiglobulin reaction |
|---|---|
| AASP | acute atrophic spinal paralysis; American Association of Senior Physicians; ascending aorta synchron... |
| AAU | acute anterior uveitis |
| ABE | acute bacterial endocarditis; American Board of Endodontics; botulism equine trivalent antitoxin |
| ABPE | acute bovine pulmonary edema |
| acute interstitial pneumonitis | Usually considered a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| acute kidney failure | <nephrology> A sudden decline in renal function may be triggered by a number of acute disease processes. Examples include sepsis (infection), shock, trauma, kidney stones, kidney infection, drug toxicity (aspirin or lithium), poisons or toxins (drug abuse) or after injection with an iodinated contrast dye (adverse effect). Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. Both forms of renal failure result in a life-threatening metabolic derangement. (27 Sep 1997) |
| acute kidney transplant rejection | <radiology> Findings on ultrasound: globular enlargment of the kidney, swelling and hypoechogenicity of the medullary pyramids, indistinct cortico-medullary junction, foci in the renal cortex (12 Dec 1998) |
| acute lobar nephrosis | A severe but localised bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma that may produce a mass effect simulating a renal abscess. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute lower GI haemorrhage | <gastroenterology> Typical presentation: Sudden onset of brisk rectal bleeding without blood in gastric aspirate Diagnostic considerations: diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, ischemic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease (rarely), polyps are usually present, carcinoma causing a chronic bleed, haemorrhoids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acute malaria | A form of malaria that may be intermittent or remittent, consisting of a chill accompanied and followed by fever with its attendant general symptoms, and terminating in a sweating stage; the paroxysms, caused by release of merozoites from infected cells, recur every 48 hours in tertian (vivax or ovale) malaria, every 72 hours in quartan (malariae) malaria, and at indefinite but frequent intervals, usually about 48 hours, in malignant tertian (falciparum) malaria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute mania | An excited mental state seen in a bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder characterised by hyperactivity, talkativeness, flight of ideas, pressured speech, grandiosity, and, occasionally, grandiose delusions. See: mania, manic-depressive. Synonym: acute mania. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute miliary tuberculosis | A rapidly fatal disease due to the general dissemination of tubercle bacilli in the blood, resulting in the formation of miliary tubercles in various organs and tissues, and producing symptoms of profound toxaemia. Synonym: acute miliary tuberculosis, disseminated tuberculosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute mountain sickness | <chest medicine> A condition that results from prolonged exposure to high altitude. Symptoms include a continuous dry cough, shortness of breath, poor exercise tolerance, dizziness, headache, sleep difficulty, anorexia, confusion, fatigue and a rapid pulse. Treatment includes the immediate movement to a lower altitude. Prophylaxis has been accomplished successfully with the use of acetazolamide (Diamox). (27 Sep 1997) |
| acute necrotizing encephalitis | An acute form of encephalitis, characterised by destruction of brain parenchyme. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute necrotizing haemorrhagic encephalomyelitis | A fulminating demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that affects mainly children and young adults. Almost always preceded by a respiratory infection, characterised by the abrupt onset of fever, headache, confusion, and nuchal rigidity, soon followed by focal seizures, hemiplegia, or quadriplegia, brainstem findings, and coma; the CSF shows evidence of an inflammatory process; due to the massive destruction of the white matter of one or both hemispheres, often accompanied by similar destruction of the white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar peduncles; of unknown aetiology. Synonym: acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, acute necrotizing haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute necrotizing haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis | A fulminating demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that affects mainly children and young adults. Almost always preceded by a respiratory infection, characterised by the abrupt onset of fever, headache, confusion, and nuchal rigidity, soon followed by focal seizures, hemiplegia, or quadriplegia, brainstem findings, and coma; the CSF shows evidence of an inflammatory process; due to the massive destruction of the white matter of one or both hemispheres, often accompanied by similar destruction of the white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar peduncles; of unknown aetiology. Synonym: acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, acute necrotizing haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute necrotizing myelitis | A spinal cord disorder, probably a demyelinating disease, which affects persons of all ages and either sex. Presents with abrupt or more gradual onset with sensory abnormalities and upper motor neuron weakness; soon a reflexic flaccid motor paralysis and sphincter paralysis supervenes, which is permanent. In some, but not all cases, bilateral or unilateral optic neuritis is associated. In the cerebrospinal fluid, the protein is increased, and mononuclear cells are present. After autopsy, the lesion has been identified as a necrotizing haemorrhagic leukomyelitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis | An acute or recurrent gingivitis of young and middle-aged adults characterised clinically by gingival erythema and pain, fetid odour, and necrosis and sloughing of interdental papillae and marginal gingiva which gives rise to a gray pseudomembrane; fever, regional lymphadenopathy, and other systemic manifestations also may be present. A fusiform bacillus and Treponema vincentii can be isolated from the gingival tissues in large numbers and are felt to play a significant but poorly defined role in the pathogenesis. Synonym: fusospirochetal gingivitis, trench mouth, ulceromembranous gingivitis, Vincent's disease, Vincent's infection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute nephritic syndrome | <nephrology, syndrome> A disease of the kidneys that results in inflammation of the glomerulus (the portion of the kidney that filters the blood). Conditions which may cause glomerulonephritis include post-streptococcal disease (strep throat), lupus, syphilis, bacterial endocarditis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, sepsis, vasculitis, Goodpasture's syndrome, typhoid fever, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hepatitis or a viral infection (for example mumps, measles, mononucleosis). (15 Jan 1998) |