| NSD | Nairobi sheep disease; neonatal staphylococcal disease; neurosecretory dysfunction; night sleep depr... |
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| NTD | neural tube defect; nitroblue tetrazolium dye; noise tone difference; 5'-nucleotidase |
| OPD | obstetric prediabetic; optical path difference; otopalatodigital [syndrome]; outpatient department; ... |
| PID | pain intensity difference [score]; pelvic inflammatory disease; photoionization detector; picture im... |
| PLSD | protected least significant difference |
| nutritional energy | The dynamics of nutrition or metabolism. Synonym: nutritional energy. Origin: tropho-+ G. Dynamis, power (05 Mar 2000) |
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| Department of Energy | Department within the executive branch of the U.S. Government (at the cabinet level) which has managed and overseen federally-sponsored energy research. It was formed in 1977 from the Energy Research and Development Administration, and the Atomic Enegy Commission. Acronym: DOE (10 Nov 1998) |
| incremental energy costs | The cost of producing and transporting the next available unit of electrical energy. Short run incremental costs (SRIC) include only incremental operating costs. Long run incremental costs (LRIC) include the capital cost of new resources or capital equipment. (05 Dec 1998) |
| internal energy | <chemistry> A property of a system that can be changed by a flow of work, heat or both, it is represented by the symbol E (E represents the change in internal energy of a system) and is given in units of energy (Joules). (09 Jan 1998) |
| ionisation energy | <radiobiology> Generally refers to the amount of energy required to strip a particular electron from an atom. The first ionisation energy is a commonly used quantity in many fields of physics and chemistry. Typically measured in electron-volts. Equivalent to the atomic binding energy of the electron. (09 Oct 1997) |
| energy | <radiobiology> Typically defined as the ability to do work. Power is the rate at which work is done, or the rate at which energy is changed. Work characterises the degree to which the properties of a substance are transformed. Energy exists in many forms, which can be converted from one to another in various ways. Examples include: gravitational energy, electrical energy, magnetic and electric field energy, atomic binding energy (a form of electrical energy really), nuclear binding energy, chemical energy (another form of electrical energy), in addition to these forms of potential energy there are also kinetic energy (energy due to motion), and thermal energy (heat, a form of kinetic energy where the motion is due to thermal vibrations/motions), and so on. (09 Oct 1997) |
| energy balance | <radiobiology> Comparison of energy put into a plasma with the energy dissipated by the system, related to energy confinement. (09 Oct 1997) |
| energy confinement time | <radiobiology> Characteristic time in which 1/e (or sometimes 1/2) of a system's energy is lost to its surroundings. In a plasma device, the energy loss time (or the energy confinement time) is one of three critical parameters determining whether enough fusion will occur to sustain a reaction. See: Lawson criterion. (09 Oct 1997) |
| energy coupling | <chemistry> The tranfer of energy produced in one reaction to another. (09 Oct 1997) |
| energy crop | Crops grown specifically for their fuel value. These include food crops such as corn and sugarcane, and nonfood crops such as poplar trees and switchgrass. Currently, two energy crops are under development: short-rotation woody crops, which are fast-growing hardwood trees harvested in 5 to 8 years, and herbaceous energy crops, such as perennial grasses, which are harvested annually after taking 2 to 3 years to reach full productivity. (05 Dec 1998) |
| Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy | <technique> A microanalytical technique that is based on the characteristic X-ray peaks that are generated when the high energy beam of the electron microscope interacts with the specimen. Each element yields a characteristic spectral fingerprint that may be used to identify the presence of that element within the sample. The relative intensities of the spectral peaks may be used to determine the relative concentrations of each element in the specimen. The X-ray signal is detected by a solid-state silicon-lithium detector and the construction and efficiency of this detector sets a lower limit on the atomic number that may be detected. Generally elements heavier than carbon (Z=5) are detectable. Acronym: EDS (05 Aug 1998) |
| energy-generating resources | Natural energy sources of power supply. (12 Dec 1998) |
| energy intake | Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| energy metabolism | Those metabolic reactions whose role is to release or to provide energy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| energy of activation | Energy that must be added to that already possessed by a molecule or molecules in order to initiate a reaction; usually expressed in the Arrhenius equation relating a rate constant to absolute temperature. (05 Mar 2000) |