| thyroid storm | A severe form of hyperthyroidism caused by excessive quantities of thyroid hormones. Thyrotoxicosis may occur as a complication of Grave's disease. Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, restlessness, heat intolerance, increased sweating, sleep difficulty, muscle cramps, fatigue, diarrhoea, thirst, muscle atrophy, bounding pulse, tremor, protruding eyes (exophthalmos), high blood pressure and menstrual irregularities. Death can result from congestive heart failure and pulmonary oedema. May be associated with goitre. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| thyroid suppression test | A thyroid function test used to diagnose difficult cases of hyperthyroidism, now largely replaced by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test; triiodothyronine is administered for a week to 10 days, and a reduction of its uptake by the thyroid gland to less than half of the initial uptake is a normal response. Synonym: Werner's test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thyroid therapy | The treatment of hypothyroidism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thyroid toxicosis | Hyperthyroidism resulting from excessive circulating 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Synonym: thyroid toxicosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thyroid veins | See: inferior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, superior thyroid vein, plexus thyroideus impar. (05 Mar 2000) |
| elevator muscle of thyroid gland | A fasciculus occasionally passing from the thyrohyoid muscle to the isthmus of the thyroid gland. Synonym: musculus levator glandulae thyroideae, elevator muscle of thyroid gland, Soemmerring's muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fibrous capsule of thyroid gland | The fibrous sheath of the thyroid gland. Synonym: capsula fibrosa glandulae thyroideae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| follicles of thyroid gland | <physiology> The small spherical vesicular components of the thyroid gland lined with epithelium and containing colloid in varying amounts. The colloid serves for storage of the thyroid hormone precursor, thyroglobulin. Synonym: follicles of thyroid gland. Origin: L. A small sac, dim. Of follis, bellows (05 Mar 2000) |
| follicular cancer of the thyroid | <oncology, tumour> A cancer of the thyroid gland that occurs with increased frequency in those who have had radiation exposure to the neck. Other risk factors include a family history of thyroid disease and history for goitre. Follicular carcinoma constitutes about 30% of all thyroid cancers. It has a greater rate of recurrence and metastasis than that of papillary carcinoma (the most common form of thyroid cancer). Symptoms include enlargement of the thyroid gland or neck swelling, change in voice, cough (occasionally bloody) and diarrhoea. (12 Nov 1997) |
| lamina of thyroid cartilage | One of the paired (dextra et sinistra) thin quadrilateral plates of the thyroid cartilage that are joined anteriorly and form an open angle posteriorly. Synonym: lamina cartilaginis thyroideae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral aberrant thyroid carcinoma | <tumour> A cervical nodule of thyroid carcinoma situated outside the thyroid gland, formerly thought to arise from ectopic thyroid tissue but now believed to be metastatic from an occult carcinoma within the gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| levator muscle of thyroid gland | A fasciculus occasionally passing from the thyrohyoid muscle to the isthmus of the thyroid gland. Synonym: musculus levator glandulae thyroideae, elevator muscle of thyroid gland, Soemmerring's muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| light cells of thyroid | Cell's present between follicles or interspersed among follicular cell's; they are rich in mitochondria and are believed to be the source of thyrocalcitonin. Synonym: C cell, light cells of thyroid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lobes of thyroid gland | The two major divisions of the gland lying on the right and left side of the trachea and connected by the isthmus. A smaller pyramidal lobe is frequently present as an upward extension from the isthmus. Synonym: lobi glandulae thyroideae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lobules of thyroid gland | The subdivisions of the lobes, consisting of incompletely separated, irregular groups of thyroid follicles (20 to 40 in number) bound together by delicate connective tissue. Synonym: lobuli glandulae thyroideae. (05 Mar 2000) |