| growth milestones | <paediatrics> (1-3 years) In ascending order: masters walking, recognises gender differences, uses up to 8 words and understands simple commands, able to run, pivot and walk backwards, uses spoon to feed self, can name pictures of common objects, can point to body parts, imitates speech of others, begins pedaling tricycle, learns to take turns in play with other children, able to feed self neatly with minimal spill, able to say first and last name, able to draw a line when shown, dresses self with minimal help, learns to share toys without parent direction (12-18 years) In ascending order: boys exhibit secondary sexual characteristics (chest, facial, axillary and pubic hair growth voice changes, penile enlargement), movement into adult height/weight category, cognitive abilities move from simply concrete to abstract, peer acceptance and recognition is vital (3-6 years) In ascending order: rides tricycle well, able to draw a circle, able to draw stick figures, hops on one foot, catches a bounced ball, understands size concepts, enjoys rhymes and word play, able to skip, increased independence in performing tasks without parental assistance, begins to ride bicycle, understands time concepts, begins to recognise written words, starts reading skills, starts school (6-12 years) In ascending order: understands and is able to follow sequential directions, beginning skills for team sports, begins to lose baby teeth and erupt permanent teeth, reading skills develop further, peer recognition becomes important, girls begin to demonstrate secondary sexual characteristics (pubic hair, axillary hair, breast development), first menstrual period may occur (birth-1 year) In ascending order: displays social smile, rolls over by self, able to sit alone without support, babbling, plays peek-a-boo, eruption of first tooth, pulls self to standing position, walks while holding on to furniture or other support, says mama or dada in proper situations, able to drink from cup, understands NO and will stop activity in response, walks without support (27 Sep 1997) |
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| growth-onset diabetes | A chronic condition in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin because the beta cells have been destroyed. The body is then not able to use the glucose (blood sugar) for energy. IDDM usually comes on abruptly, although the damage to the beta cells may begin much earlier. The signs of IDDM are a great thirst, hunger, a need to urinate often, and loss of weight. To treat the disease, the person must inject insulin, follow a diet plan, exercise daily, and test blood glucose several times a day. IDDM usually occurs in children and adults who are under age 30. This type of diabetes used to be known as juvenile diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes, and ketosis-prone diabetes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| growth phase | <microbiology> The characteristic periods in the growth of a bacterial culture, as indicated by the shape of a graph of viable cell number versus time. (09 Oct 1997) |
| growth plate | <physiology> The area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis within which bone growth occurs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| growth quotient | <biology> The fractional part or percentage of the entire food energy which is utilised for growth in the young animal. (05 Mar 2000) |
| growth substance | <biology, cell biology> Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chorionic growth hormone-prolactin | human placental lactogen |
| Rubner's laws of growth | The law of constant energy consumption: the rapidity of growth is proportional to the intensity of the metabolic processes, the law of the constant growth quotient: in most young mammals, 24% of the entire food energy, or calories, is utilised for growth; in humans only 5% is utilised. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pituitary growth hormone | <protein> Hormone (191 amino acids) released by anterior pituitary that stimulates release of somatomedin, thereby causing growth. (18 Nov 1997) |
| comb-growth test | A test for androgenic activity, based upon the stimulation of comb growth in capons (castrated cockerels) or immature roosters. Synonym: capon-comb-growth test, cock's comb test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| placental growth hormone | human placental lactogen |
| plant growth regulators | Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| plant growth substances | <plant biology> Substances that, at low concentration, influence plant growth and differentiation. Formerly referred to as plant hormones or phytohormones, these terms are now suspect because some aspects of the hormone concept, notably action at a distance from the site of synthesis, do not necessarily apply in plants. Also called plant growth regulators. The major classes are absicisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and gibberellin, others include steroid and phenol derivatives. (31 Dec 1997) |
| platelet-derived growth factor | <growth factor> The major mitogen in serum for growth in culture of cells of connective tissue origin. It consists of 2 different but homologous polypeptides A and B (~30,000 D) linked by disulphide bonds. Believed to play a role in wound healing. It is carried in the alpha-granules of platelets and is released when platelets adhere to traumatised tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatised region respond by initiating the process of replication. The B chain is almost identical in sequence to p28sis, the transforming protein of simian sarcoma virus, that can transform only those cells that express receptors for platelet derived growth factor, suggesting that transformation is caused by autocrine stimulation. The receptor is a tyrosine kinase. Acronym: PDGF (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiplicative growth | Growth by an increase in the number of cells. (05 Mar 2000) |