| DNA photolyase | <enzyme, molecular biology> A DNA repair enzyme which recognises and removes dimers that have formed between pyrimidine nitrogenous bases on the same strand as each other, as a result of too much ultraviolet radiation. The enzyme can only do this if visible light is present. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| DNA, plant | Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA polymerase | <enzyme, molecular biology> Enzymes involved in template directed synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates. I, II and III are known in E. Coli, III appears to be most important in genome replication and I is important for its ability to edit out unpaired bases at the end of growing strands. Animal cells have and polymerases, with apparently responsible for replication of nuclear DNA and for replication of mitochondrial. All these function with a DNA strand as template. Retroviruses possess a unique DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) that uses an RNA template. (18 Nov 1997) |
| DNA polymerase beta | <enzyme> A DNA repair enzyme that catalyses DNA synthesis during base excision DNA repair. Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA polymerase i | DNA Polymerase I is an enzyme that aids in DNA replication. It has the following 3 functions: 1. Polymerizes in the 5(r) to 3(r) direction on single-stranded template. 2. Degrades single or double-stranded DNA from a free 3(r)-OH end, and 3. Degrades double-stranded DNA from a free 5(r) end. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA polymerase II | <enzyme> An enzyme that aids in DNA replication. It has a number of different functions, including the repair of ultraviolet radiation damaged DNA. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA polymerase III | <enzyme> An enzyme that aids in DNA replication. It has a number of different functions, such as: proofreading newly replicated DNA, removing nucleotides from the 3' end of the strand one by one, and binding nucleotides from the 5' end of the strand. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA polymerisation | <molecular biology> The making of a DNA molecule from nucleotide monomers by linking them together in a long chain (a polymer). (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA polymorphism | A condition in which one of two different but normal nucleotide sequences can exist at a particular site in DNA. (05 Mar 2000) |
| DNA primase | <enzyme> A single-stranded DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that functions to initiate, or prime, DNA synthesis by synthesizing a nucleotide RNA polymer. Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA primers | Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA profiling | <molecular biology> See restriction fragment length polymorphism. (18 Nov 1997) |
| DNA-protein interaction | <molecular biology> Any complex that forms between a protein molecule and DNA. Examples are nucleosomes (structures formed for the purpose of DNA storage) and any gene regulatory protein (a protein which regulates transcription by binding to a regulatory region on the DNA). (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA, protozoan | Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA puff | <molecular biology> An area on a chromosome where transcription of DNA into mRNA, or replication of DNA is occurring, resulting in an enlarged, puffy appearance of the area. Similar to chromosome puff, except generalised to any type of chromosome in any type of organism. (09 Oct 1997) |