| VD | vapor density; vascular disease; vasodilation, vasodilator; venereal disease; venous dilatation; ven... |
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| Vd | voided, voiding; volume dead space; volume of distribution |
| VP | physiological volume; vapor pressure; variegate porphyria; vascular permeability; vasopressin; velop... |
| VPC | vapor-phase chromatography; ventricular premature complex; ventricular premature contraction; volume... |
| v/v | percent volume in volume |
| growth factor | <biochemistry> A complex family of polypeptide hormones or biological factors that are produced by the body to control growth, division and maturation of blood cells by the bone marrow. They regulate the division and proliferation of cells and influence the growth rate of some cancers. These factors occur naturally but some can be synthesised using molecular biology techniques and are used clinically to stimulate normal white cell production following chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. Examples include epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor. Insulin and somatomedin are also growth factors, the status of nerve growth factor is more uncertain. Perturbation of growth factor production or of the response to growth factor is important in neoplastic transformation. (29 Sep 1997) |
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| growth hormone-releasing factor | <endocrinology> Peptide hormone related to the glucagon family, released from the pituitary, acts on the adenohypophysis to release growth hormone. Synonym: somatoliberin, growth hormone-releasing factor. (20 Sep 2002) |
| risk factor | <statistics> A clearly defined occurrence or characteristic that has been associated with the increased rate of a subsequently occurring disease. (14 Oct 1997) |
| Christmas factor | <chemical> Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. Deficiency of factor ix results in christmas disease (haemophilia b). Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor IX (12 Dec 1998) |
| christmas factor assay | A test used to measure the activity of a blood clotting factor IX (Christmas factor). This test may be used to evaluate excessive bleeding. Abnormally low factor IX assays may be seen in the following conditions: congenital deficiency of factor IX, fat malabsorption, heparin administration, cirrhosis, vitamin K deficiency and warfarin administration. (27 Sep 1997) |
| ciliary neurotrophic factor | <growth factor> Neurotrophic factor originally characterised as a survival factor for chick ciliary neurons in vitro. Subsequently shown to promote the survival of a variety of other neuronal cell types and to promote the differentiation of bipotential O2A progenitor cells to type 2 astrocytes in vitro. Molecular cloning and expression studies indicate that CNTF is a cytosolic protein. Developmental expression and regional distribution studies show that, unlike NGF, CNTF is not a target derived neurotrophic factor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| migration-inhibitory factor | <growth factor> A soluble, nondialysable factor that is produced by sensitised lymphocytes following exposure to a specific antigen. It inhibits macrophage migration and causes adherence. It was originally defined on the basis of inhibition of emigration of mononuclear cells from capillary (haematocrit) tubes, more recently a 13 kD protein with migration inhibitory activity has been isolated. Acronym: MIF Synonym: inhibition factor. (22 Sep 2002) |
| migration-inhibitory factor test | A test which measures the presence of migration-inhibitory factor. Usually peritoneal macrophages are placed in a capillary tube in the presence or absence of supernatants from activated T-cells. If MIF is present, the migration of monocyte/macrophages is reduced. Synonym: macrophage migration inhibition test, migration inhibition test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citrovorum factor | N5Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid;the active form of folic acid which acts as a formyl group carrier in transformylation reactions; the calcium salt, leucovorin calcium, has therapeutic use. Synonym: citrovorum factor, leucovorin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| milk factor | Member of the retrovirus subfamily Oncornavirinae, antigenically distinct from the murine leukaemia-sarcoma complex, that is associated with adenocarcinomatous tumours of the mammary gland, commonly latent in wild and laboratory mice and causing cancer only in genetically susceptible strains under certain hormonal influences. Synonym: Bittner agent, Bittner virus, Bittner's milk factor, mammary cancer virus of mice, milk factor, mouse mammary tumour virus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clotting factor | <haematology> A group of chemical constituents of the blood (factors I to XIII) which interact to make the blood clot. (13 Nov 1997) |
| coagulation factor | <haematology> Group of plasma protein substances (Factor I-XIII) contained in the plasma, which act in concert to bring about blood coagulation. Many of the factors contain EGF like domains. (29 Sep 1997) |
| coagulation factor XI | <haematology> A plasma serine protease with an apple domain. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cobra venom factor | A component of cobra venom that renders C3 proactivator (properdin factor B) susceptible to factor D of the properdin system, leading to activation of C3 and other components of complement and lysis of unsensitised erythrocytes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| coenzyme factor | <enzyme> An enzyme oxidizing dihydrolipoamide at the expense of NAD+; completes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate; a part of several enzyme complexes (e.g., alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex). Decreased activity leads to neuronal loss in brain resulting in psychomotor retardation. Synonym: coenzyme factor, lipoamide dehydrogenase, lipoamide reductase (NADH), lipoyl dehydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |