| ketoglutaric acids | A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| fatty acids | Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (fatty acids, unsaturated). (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, essential | Fatty acids that cannot be synthesised by the human body and must be obtained from dietary sources, e.g., linoleic acids and linolenic acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, monounsaturated | Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, nonesterified | The fraction of plasma fatty acids that are not in the form of glycerol esters. They are also called free fatty acids, but this is a misnomer because they are transported complexed with albumin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, omega-3 | A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, unsaturated | Fatty acids containing one (monounsaturated) or multiple (polyunsaturated) double bonds. They predominate in most plant-derived fats. The number and position of each double bond can be specified, as in the systematic names, or the position of the double bond closest to the methyl group (omega) terminus can be specified to denote functional subdivisions of the overall group, e.g., omega-3 fatty acids. The numbers and positions of the double bonds have been linked to effects on plasma lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, volatile | Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| uronic acids | Acids derived from monosaccharides by oxidation of the primary alcohol group (-CH2OH) farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a carboxyl group (-COOH); e.g., glucuronic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lauric acids | 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| levulinic acids | Keto acids that are derivatives of 4-oxopentanoic acids (levulinic acid). (12 Dec 1998) |
| linoleic acids | Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds. (12 Dec 1998) |
| linolenic acids | Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain three double bonds. (12 Dec 1998) |