| phosphoinositide | <biochemistry> A phosphatidic acid combined with inositol found in biomembranes and a precursor to certain cellular signals. Sometimes referred to as inositide. It is a very important minor phospholipid in eukaryotes, involved in signal transduction processes. Contains myo inositol linked through the 1 hydroxyl group to phosphatidic acid. The 4 phosphate (PIP) and 4, 5 bisphosphate derivatives PIP2) are formed and broken down in membranes by the action of specific kinases and phosphatases (futile cycles). Signal sensitive phospholipase C enzymes remove the inositol moiety, in particular from 1,4,5 trisphosphate (PIP2) as inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (Ins P3: IP3). Both the diacyl glycerol and products act as second messengers. Synonym: phosphoinositide. (20 Sep 2002) |
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| phosphokinase | A phosphotransferase or a kinase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| phospholamban kinase | <enzyme> A delta-cam kinase isozyme; catalyses the phosphorylation of phospholamban Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: phospholamban sarcoplasmic reticulum calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, phospholamban srcam kinase (26 Jun 1999) |
| phospholamban phosphatase | <enzyme> Purified from canine cardiac cytosol; dephosphorylates pholamban; stimulated by mg+2, mn+2 or ca+2 Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| phospholipase | <enzyme> That hydrolyse ester bonds in phospholipids. They comprise two types: aliphatic esterases (phospholipase A1, A2 and B) that release fatty acids and phosphodiesterases (types C and D) that release diacyl glycerol or phosphatidic acid respectively. Type A2 is widely distributed in venoms and digestive secretions. Types A1, A2 and C the latter specific for phosphatidyl inositol) are present in all mammalian tissues. Type C is also found as a highly toxic secretion product of pathogenic bacteria. Type B attacks monoacyl phospholipids and is poorly characterised. Type D is largely of plant origin. PLA2 Type II (a secreted enzyme, but not the same as the Type I digestive pancreatic enzyme) is probably very important in inflammation because its action can release arachidonic acid, the starting point for eicosanoid synthesis. Phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate specific phospholipase C is important in generating diacyl glycerol and inositol trisphosphate, both second messengers. (31 Dec 1997) |
| phospholipase A1 | <enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes a lecithin (1,2-diacylglycerophosphocholine) to a 2-acylglycerophosphocholine and a fatty acid anion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| phospholipase A2 | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a lecithin to a lysolecithin by removing the 2-acyl group; also acts on other phospholipids by removing a fatty acid from the 2-position; this enzyme has an important role in prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis. Synonym: lecithinase A, phosphatidase, phosphatidolipase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| phospholipase B | There are reports that phospholipase B is a mixture of phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2. See: lysophospholipase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| phospholipase c | <enzyme> An enzyme found in the alpha-toxin of clostridium welchii and other strains of clostridia and bacilli. It hydrolyzes glycerophosphatidates with the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol and a phosphorylated nitrogenous base such as choline. Chemical name: Phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.1.4.3 (12 Dec 1998) |
| phospholipase d | <enzyme> An enzyme found mostly in plant tissue. It hydrolyzes glycerophosphatidates with the formation of a phosphatidic acid and a nitrogenous base such as choline. This enzyme also catalyses transphosphatidylation reactions. Chemical name: Phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.1.4.4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| phospholipases | <enzyme> A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. Registry number: EC 3.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| phospholipases a | <enzyme> Phosphatide acylhydrolases. Catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. Phospholipase a1 hydrolyzes the acyl group attached to the 1-position (ec 3.1.1.32) and phospholipase a2 hydrolyzes the acyl group attached to the 2-position (ec 3.1.1.4). Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| phospholipid | <biochemistry> The major structural lipid of most cellular membranes (except the chloroplast which has galactolipids). Contain phosphate, usually as a diester. Examples include phosphatidyl phospholipids, plasmalogens and sphingomyelins. (18 Nov 1997) |
| phospholipid bilayer | <biochemistry> A lamellar organisation of phospholipids that are packed as a bilayer with hydrophobic acyl tails inwardly directed and polar head groups on the outside surfaces. It is this bilayer that forms the basis of membranes in cells, though in most cellular membranes a very substantial proportion of the area may be occupied by integral proteins. The triple layered appearance of membranes seen in electron microscopy is thought to arise because the osmium tetroxide binds to the polar regions leaving a central, unstained, hydrophobic region. (31 Dec 1997) |
| phospholipid ethers | Phospholipids which have an alcohol moiety in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol. They are usually derivatives of phosphoglycerols or phosphatidates. The other two alcohol groups of the glycerol backbone are usually in ester linkage. These compounds are widely distributed in animal tissues. (12 Dec 1998) |
Synonyms : PLC gamma1, PLC-gamma, PLC-gamma 2, PLC-gamma D, PLCgamma2, Phospholipase C gamma 1, Phospholipase C gamma 2, Phospholipase C gamma D, Phospholipase C gamma1, Phospholipase C gamma2, Phospholipase C gammaD, PLC gamma, PLC gamma 2, PLC gamma D
Synonyms : Phosphatidylcholine Phosphohydrolase
Synonyms : Lecithinase, Phospholipase
Synonyms : Phosphatidate 1-Acylhydrolase, 1-Acylhydrolase, Phosphatidate, A, Phospholipases, A1, Lecithinase, A1, Phospholipase, A2, Lecithinase, A2, Phospholipase, Phosphatidate 1 Acylhydrolase
Synonyms : 1-Alkyl-2-Acylphosphatidates, 1 Alkyl 2 Acylphosphatidates, Ethers, Glycerol Phosphate, Ethers, Glycerophosphate, Ethers, Phospholipid, Phosphate Ethers, Glycerol, Phosphatidates, Ether, Phospholipids, Ether
| phosphate |
S are salts of phosphoric acid, distributed throughout the body. Inorganic phosphates occur chiefly in the skeleton in association with calcium, where they play a role in the mineralization of bone, and in body fluids, where they play a role in the mineralization of bone, and in body fluids, where they play a role in the regulation of acid/base balance.
출처: www.springboard4health.com/notebook/dict_p.html
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| phosphorescence |
Property held by some materials of absorbing light of one wavelength and emitting it as light of a different wavelength.
출처: www.startphoto.com/learn/glossary/glossary_ph-pn.h...
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| phosphorylation |
The chemical addition of a phosphate group (phosphate and oxygen) to a protein or another compound.
출처: www.alz.org/Resources/Glossary.asp
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| phosphate |
used generically for materials containing a phosphate group; sources include some fertilizers and detergents; when wastewater containing phosphates is discharged into surface waters, these chemicals act as nutrient pollutants (causing overgrowth of aquatic plants).
출처: www.wef.org/publicinfo/newsroom/wastewater_glossar...
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| phosphorescence |
Emission of visible light by a substance, such as a mineral, that is exposed to ultraviolet light and absorbs radiation from it. The light appears in the form of glowing, distinctive colors. The emission continues after the exposure to ultraviolet light ends.
출처: college.hmco.com/geology/resources/geologylink/glo...
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