D factor
| multiple endocrine neoplasia | (type I) This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary, adrenals or thyroid develop hyperplasia or a tumour. (type II) This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: thyroid, adrenal or parathyroid, develop overgrowth (hyperplasia) or malignant cells (cancer). The underlying cause is genetic and a positive family history for this illness is a risk factor. Incidence: approximately 3 in 100,000 people in the general population. Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form (27 Sep 1997) |
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| multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 | <radiology> Multiple endrocrine neoplasia syndrome three P's. Pituitary adenoma, 65% can develop Cushing's, acromegaly, prolactinoma, parathyroid hyperplasia / adenoma, 88% can develop hyper-PTH pancreatic isleT-cell tumour, gastrinoma (Z-E) most common, 50% of Z-E can develop MEN-1, inconstant features: bronchial/intestinal carcinoid, thyroid adenoma, adrenal cortical tumour, lipoma, thymoma tissue expression Primary hyperparathyroidism (90%), Gastrinoma (30%), Prolactinoma (15%), Other (10%). Synonym: Wermer syndrome (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 | <radiology> Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, medullary thyroid carcinoma, usually multifocal; metastasis to local nodes, lung, liver, usually calcify in liver, pheochromocytoma, almost always bilateral, parathyroid hyperplasia, may be secondary to calcitonin secreted by medullary thyroid carcinoma inconstant feature: adrenal cortical hyperplasia Synonym: Sipple syndrome (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia 3 | <radiology> Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (type 2B, type 3), medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, marfanoid habitus (Cf: Marfan syndrome), mucosal neuromas, neurofibromas, ganglioneuromatosis coli More info: MEN syndrome 2B Synonym: Schimke, marfanoid syndrome (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | A rare syndrome characterised by hyperplasia and/or neoplasms of the pituitary, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islets. Hyperparathyroidism occurs in 90% of the cases and is usually the first manifestation of the syndrome. The most frequent pancreatic manifestation is gastrinoma typically leading to zollinger-ellison syndrome. The appearance of this condition has been limited to the loss of allelic heterozygosity at the 11q13 locus on the long arm of chromosome 11. Patients overall exhibit long survival times. Chemotherapy is rare and surgical management is generally dependent on the genetic expression in individual patients. (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 | <syndrome> This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: thyroid, adrenal or parathyroid, develop overgrowth (hyperplasia) or malignant cells (cancer). The underlying cause is genetic and a positive family history for this illness is a risk factor. Incidence: approximately 3 in 100,000 people in the general population. (27 Sep 1997) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a | A type of multiple endocrine neoplasia characterised by a virtually 100% incidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma, a 50% incidence of pheochromocytoma, and a lesser incidence of parathyroid adenomas associated with hyperparathyroidism. The condition is always transmitted through autosomal dominant inheritance. Genetic testing can identify individuals with the trait in early infancy. Treatment is usually excision of the enlarged parathyroid glands. (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b | A type of multiple endocrine neoplasia occurring as an isolated congenital presentation or as a distinct autosomal dominant disease. It is characterised by the 100% incidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma and frequent pheochromocytomas; patients seldom exhibit hyperparathyroidism. It is distinguished from men 2a by its characteristic physical appearance resulting from numerous neural defects including mucosal neuromas of the eyelids, lips, and tongue. The neural abnormalities also include widespread neurogangliomatosis of the gastrointestinal tract leading to abnormal gut motility. Treatment usually requires total thyroidectomy following evaluation for the presence of pheochromocytomas. (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple epiphysial dysplasia | A dominantly inherited abnormality of epiphyses characterised by difficulty in walking, pain and stiffness of joints, stubby fingers, and often dwarfism of short-limb type; on X-ray examination, the epiphyses are mottled and irregular; ossification centres are late in appearance and may be multiple, but the vertebrae are normal. There is also an autosomal recessive form . Synonym: dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| multiple exostosis | A disturbance of enchondral bone growth in which multiple, generally benign osteochondromas of long bones appear during childhood, commonly with shortening of the radius and fibula; the ill-effects are usually mechanical but malignant change is rare; autosomal dominant inheritance. Synonym: diaphysial aclasis, hereditary deforming chondrodystrophy, multiple exostosis, osteochondromatosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| multiple fission | Division of the nucleus, simultaneously or successively, into a number of daughter nuclei, followed by division of the cell body into an equal number of parts, each containing a nucleus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| multiple fracture | Fracture at two or more places in a bone. See: segmental fracture. Fracture of several bones occurring simultaneously. (05 Mar 2000) |
| multiple gestation | <radiology> Incidence: 1% of all births, twins in 1:85; triplets in 1:85x85; etc, uterus large for dates, may have elevated hCG, hPL, and aFP, at risk for IUGR: monochorionic-monoamniotic more than , monochorionic-diamniotic more than , dichorionic-diamniotic findings: 2 placentas indicate dichorionic-diamniotic, 1 placenta indicates monochorionic pregnancy or dichorionic pregnancy with fused placenta, separating membranes confirms diamniotic pregnancy (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple glandular deficiency syndrome | <syndrome> Acquired deficiency of the function of several endocrine glands, usually on an auto-immune basis. Synonym: multiple glandular deficiency syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| multiple hamartoma syndrome | Hypertrichosis and gingival fibromatosis from infancy, accompanied by postpubertal fibroadenomatous breast enlargement; papules of the face are characteristic of multiple trichilemmomas. Synonym: multiple hamartoma syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |