| aldonic acids | Monosaccharide derivatives in which the aldehyde group has been oxidised to a carboxyl group. They may form lactones (e.g., galactonic acid). Synonym: glyconic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| aliphatic acids | The acids of nonaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., acetic, propionic, butyric acids); the so-called fatty acids of the formula R-COOH, where R is a nonaromatic (aliphatic) hydrocarbon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alkanesulfonic acids | Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids | Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-nh2) and a carboxyl (-cooh) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerised to form proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids, branched-chain | Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids, cyclic | A class of amino acids characterised by a closed ring structure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids, peptides, and proteins | Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aminobutyric acids | <chemistry> Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in most living things. The best known is gaba. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aminohippuric acids | A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aminoisobutyric acids | A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aminosalicylic acids | Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acids. A group of hydroxybenzoic acids that include substitution by amino groups at the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-position. The 4-amino derivative, p-aminosalicylic acid, is an antitubercular agent. (12 Dec 1998) |
| anthranilic acids | Benzoic acids which are substituted with an amino group in the c-2 position. (12 Dec 1998) |
| arylsulfonic acids | Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bile acids | Steroid acids found in bile; e.g., taurocholic and glycocholic acid's, used when biliary secretion is inadequate and for biliary colic. Their physiological roles include fat emulsification. Their synthesis is reduced in disorders of the peroxisomes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bile acids and salts | <chemical> Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics, gastrointestinal agents. (12 Dec 1998) |