| carbonates | Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical co2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| carbonic | Relating to carbon. See also under carbonate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonic acid | <chemical> Carbonic acid (h2c03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). Chemical name: Carbonic acid (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbonic acid gas | <biochemistry, physiology> A metabolic byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism. Carbon Dioxide collects in the tissues, is cleared by the blood (via the veins) and removed from the body via the lungs when we exhale air. Abbreviation: CO2 (13 Nov 1997) |
| carbonic acid inhibitor | <pharmacology> A group of diuretic medications which act to inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to create a metabolic acidosis. Many of these medications are used in the treatment of glaucoma. (27 Sep 1997) |
| carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome | <syndrome> An inherited deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II that results in osteopetrosis and metabolic acidosis. Synonym: osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | <pharmacology> A group of medications (sulphonamide drugs) which inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. These medications are used in the treatment of glaucoma. Examples include acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide and methazolamide. (27 Sep 1997) |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of h+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase). Although their therapeutic use as diuretics is not frequent, they are used in clinical conditions where alkalinization of the urine is beneficial. Their most frequent application is in the reduction of intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbonic anhydride | <biochemistry, physiology> A metabolic byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism. Carbon Dioxide collects in the tissues, is cleared by the blood (via the veins) and removed from the body via the lungs when we exhale air. Abbreviation: CO2 (13 Nov 1997) |
| carbonium | An organic cation in which the positive charge is on a carbon atom; e.g., (CH3)+. It is now recommended that carbocation be used as the class name and carbenium be used for specific compound names. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonometer | An obsolete device used in carbonometry. Origin: L. Carbo (carbon-), coal, + G. Metron, measure (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonometry | An obsolete method for the determination of the presence and the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air or expired breath by the precipitation of calcium carbonate from lime water. Synonym: carbometry. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonuria | Rarely used term denoting the excretion of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds in the urine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonyl | The characteristic group, -CO-, of the ketones, aldehydes, and organic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone | <chemical> A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes. Pharmacological action: uncoupling agents, ionophores. Chemical name: Propanedinitrile, ((3-chlorophenyl)hydrazono)- (12 Dec 1998) |