| hybrid antibody | <immunology> Artificially produced antibody made by fusing hybridomas producing two different antibodies, the hybrid cells produce three different antibodies, only one of which is a heterophilic antibody. Can also be prepared chemically from two antibodies. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| hyperimmune antibody | An antibody which occurs in a hyperimmune individual and which targets the antigen that has brought on the hyperimmunity. (09 Oct 1997) |
| natural antibody | Antibody demonstrable in the serum or plasma of various persons or animals not known to have been stimulated by specific antigen, either artificially or as the result of naturally occurring contact. Synonym: natural antibody. (05 Mar 2000) |
| neutralizing antibody | A form of antibody that reacts with an infectious agent (usually a virus) and destroys or inhibits its infectivity and virulence; may be demonstrated by means of mixing serum with the suspension of infectious agent, and then injecting the mixture into animals or cell cultures that are susceptible to the agent in question. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nonprecipitable antibody | Antibody that, under conditions normally employed in precipitin tests, is refractory to precipitation by specific antibody, demonstrable when antigen is added serially in small amounts; nonprecipitating antibody will precipitate under special conditions such as addition of complement. Synonym: nonprecipitable antibody. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nonprecipitating antibody | Antibody that, under conditions normally employed in precipitin tests, is refractory to precipitation by specific antibody, demonstrable when antigen is added serially in small amounts; nonprecipitating antibody will precipitate under special conditions such as addition of complement. Synonym: nonprecipitable antibody. (05 Mar 2000) |
| normal antibody | Antibody demonstrable in the serum or plasma of various persons or animals not known to have been stimulated by specific antigen, either artificially or as the result of naturally occurring contact. Synonym: natural antibody. (05 Mar 2000) |
| syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody | An immune disorder characterised by the presence of abnormal antibodies in the blood associated with certain medical conditions including abnormal blood clotting, migraine headaches, premature miscarriage, and low blood platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). (12 Dec 1998) |
| direct fluorescent antibody | The straightforward detection of antigens using fluorescent labelled antigen-specific antibody. Because detection of the antigen in a substrate of patient sample (cellular smear, fluid or patient-inoculated culture medium) is the goal, direct fluorescent antibody is seldom quantitative. (05 Mar 2000) |
| direct fluorescent antibody test | Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (fluorescent antibody technique, direct) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labelled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (fluorescent antibody technique, indirect). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| double antibody immunoassay | A method of separating antibody-bound antigen (e.g., insulin) from free antigen by precipitating the former with antibody specific for immunoglobulin. Synonym: double antibody immunoassay, double antibody method. (05 Mar 2000) |
| double antibody method | A method of separating antibody-bound antigen (e.g., insulin) from free antigen by precipitating the former with antibody specific for immunoglobulin. Synonym: double antibody immunoassay, double antibody method. (05 Mar 2000) |
| double antibody precipitation | A method of separating antibody-bound antigen (e.g., insulin) from free antigen by precipitating the former with antibody specific for immunoglobulin. Synonym: double antibody immunoassay, double antibody method. (05 Mar 2000) |
| double antibody sandwich assay | For antigen; an application of the ELISA method in which material being tested for antigen is added to wells coated with known antibody; the presence of antigen fixed to the antibody coat can be determined either directly, by adding human antibody linked to the enzyme of the indicator system, or indirectly, by first adding unlabelled known antibody, the attachment of which to the antigen can be demonstrated by addition of immunoglobulin-specific antibody linked to the enzyme. (05 Mar 2000) |
| idiotype antibody | <immunology> An antibody directed against the antigen specific part of the sequence of an antibody or T-cell receptor and thus recognise the binding sites of other antibodies. In principle an anti-idiotype antibody should inhibit a specific immune response and they are important to the regulation of the immune system. (13 Nov 1997) |