| DV | dependent variable; diagnostic variable; difference in volume; digital vibration; dilute volume; dis... |
|---|---|
| VH | variable domain of heavy chain; variable heavy chain |
| VL | variable domain of the light chain; variable light chain |
| VNTR | variable number of tandem repeats; variable copy number tandem repeats |
| ASP | abnormal spinal posture; acute symmetric polyarthritis; African swine pox; aged substrate plasma; al... |
| CAS | Crk-associated substrate |
|---|---|
| IRS | Insulin Receptor Substrate |
| IRS-2 | Insulin receptor substrate 2 |
| MARCKS | Myristolated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate |
| PRS | Plasma Renin Substrate |
zymologist
| substrate | <chemistry> A substance upon which an enzyme acts. Origin: L. Stratum = layer (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| substrate cycle | <biochemistry> Any seqence of enzyme catalysed reactions in which the forward and reverse processes (catalysed by different enzymes) are consititutively active. Frequently used to describe the cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of phosphatidyl inositol derivatives in cell membranes. (05 Jan 1998) |
| substrate cycling | A set of opposing, nonequilibrium reactions catalyzed by different enzymes which act simultaneously, with at least one of the reactions driven by ATP hydrolysis. The results of the cycle are that ATP energy is depleted, heat is produced and no net substrate-to-product conversion is achieved. Examples of substrate cycling are cycling of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways and cycling of the triglycerides and fatty acid pathways. Rates of substrate cycling may be increased many-fold in association with hypermetabolic states resulting from severe burns, cold exposure, hyperthyroidism, or acute exercise. (12 Dec 1998) |
| substrate inhibition | Inhibition of an enzyme activity by a substrate of the reaction catalyzed by that enzyme; often, this type of inhibition occurs at elevated substrate levels in which the substrate is binding to a second, non-active site on the enzyme. (05 Mar 2000) |
| substrate-level phosphorylation | Synthesis of high-energy phosphate bonds through reaction of inorganic phosphate with an activated (usually) organic substrate. (09 Oct 1997) |
| substrate specificity | A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. (12 Dec 1998) |
| suicide substrate | A competitive inhibitor that is converted to an irreversible inhibitor at the active site of the enzyme. Synonym: mechanism-based inhibitor. (05 Mar 2000) |
| insulin receptor substrate-1 protein | <chemical> Amino acid sequence given in first source; a 180 kD protein that contains multiple phosphorylated tyrosine residues after insulin stimulation; human and rat forms (hirs-1 and irs-1) are homologous Synonym: insulin receptor substrate-1-like protein, irs-1 protein, irs-1 gene product, hirs-1 protein, hirs-1 gene product, insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (05 Dec 1998) |
| enzyme-substrate complex | A noncovalent complex of two molecules; often referring to the enzyme-substrate complex in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Compare: central complex, Michaelis complex. Synonym: enzyme-substrate complex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| variable | One of a battery of antigenicdeterminants expressed by a microorganismto elude immune detection. (09 Oct 1997) |
| variable antigen | <immunology> Term usually applied to the surface antigens of those parasitic or pathogenic organisms that can alter their antigenic character to evade host immune responses. (See antigenic variation). (18 Nov 1997) |
| variable deceleration | Transient foetal bradycardia usually denoting compression of the umbilical cord which may occur at any time in relation to a uterine contraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| variable gene | <molecular biology> Those regions in the amino acid sequence of both the heavy and the light chains of immunoglobulins where there is considerable sequence variability from one immunoglobulin to other of the same class, in contrast to constant sequence (C) regions. The V regions are associated with the antigen binding areas. They contain hypervariable regions of particularly high sequence diversity. (18 Nov 1997) |
| variable region | <molecular biology> Those regions in the amino acid sequence of both the heavy and the light chains of immunoglobulins where there is considerable sequence variability from one immunoglobulin to other of the same class, in contrast to constant sequence (C) regions. The V regions are associated with the antigen binding areas. They contain hypervariable regions of particularly high sequence diversity. (18 Nov 1997) |
| variable surface glycoprotein | <protein> One of a battery of antigenicdeterminants expressed by a microorganism to elude immune detection. (09 Oct 1997) |
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