| 영문 | vaccination | 한글 | 예방접종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1.인위적으로 능동면역을 성립시켜서 감염에 대한 저항력을 높이기 위하여 약독화병원체(생백신) 또는 사균, 불활성 화백신 등을 접종하는 것을 말한다. 당초 종두는 젠너(Jenner)에 의해서 발견된 마마 예방법에 관한 접종을 의미했으나 현재에는 널리 감염증이나 전염병의 병원균 그 자체가 일부를 접종해서 비감염자를 면역하는 것을 의미한다. 예방접종으로 표준화되었으며, 항원으로서 백신이 사용된다. 예방접종으로 감염이 억제되지만 피부에 나타나는 이상이나 두드러기모양 홍반 등의 피부발진이나 뇌염 등의 부작용이 나타날 수 있으므로 주의를 요한다. 2.예방접종에 쓰이는 항원에는 크게 나누어 세균성 항원과 바이러스성 항원이 있는데, 세균성 항원에는 사멸된 전체 세균(백일해 백신 등), 병원체가 체외로 배출하는 독소를 멸독한 변성독소(톡소이드)(디프테리아-파상풍 등), 독력을 약화시킨 생세균체(BCG 등)등이 있고, 바이러스성 항원에는 생약독화한 것(소아마비)과 사멸된 백신(인플루엔자) 등이 포함된다. 한국에서는 전염병 예방법에 두창-디프테리아-백일해-장티푸스-콜레라-파상풍-결핵 등 일곱 개 질병에 관하여 정기 예방접종을 시행하도록 되어 있다. 또 대한소아과학회에서는 BCG-소아마비-디프테리아-백일해-파상풍-홍역-유행성귀밑샘염(볼거리)-풍진-일본뇌염 등 아홉 개 예방접종을 정하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | immunological reaction | 한글 | 면역반응 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생체의 몸 안에서 생긴 물질이나 몸 밖에서 들어온 물질이 생체와 다를 때 자기 체내의 통일성과 개체의 생존 유지 및 종의 존속을 위하여 그 물질들을 제거하는 일련의 생체 반응. 다시 말해 B세포에 의한 항체생산, T세포를 중심으로 하는 세포성 면역, 면역관용, 면역기억 등의 생체 내 반응을 말한다. 큰포식세포는 항원을 처리해서 특이적인 항원결정기를 갖는 분자로 바꿔, 항원과 주요조직 적합유전자복합체를 세포표면에 표현하며, T세포로 전달한다. 한편 B세포는 큰포식세포 내에서 처리된 항원의 결정기를 인식하여 대응하는 특이적항체를 생산하여 항원을 처리한다. |
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| 영문 | reaction formation | 한글 | 반동형성, 반응형성 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 억압보다 더 적극적인 방어메커니즘이며, 무의식적인 생각, 소원, 충동이 너무나도 받아들여질 수 없는 것일 경우에 이와는 정반대 방향의 것을 강조함으로써 그런 무의식적인 것들이 의식되지 않게 하는 과정. 예를 들면 가장 가학적인 성격의 사람이 생체해부 반대론자가 되는 경우를 들 수 있다. 이것은 또 가슴 깊이 잠겨있는 두려움이 의식되는 것을 피하기 위해서 두려움의 대상이 되는 행동에 골몰하는 경우도 포함이 된다. 예를 들면, 남자에게 상처받지 않을까 하는 두려움에 가득 찬 소녀가 이 같은 두려움을 부정하려는 수단으로 난잡한 성행위에 골몰하는 경우가 있다. 또 전처의 자녀를 미워하는 계모가 오히려 지나칠 정도로 그 아이를 귀여워하는 일 따위이다. |
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| 영문 | complement fixation reaction | 한글 | 보체결합 반응, 도움체결합반응 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항체와의 반응에 있어서 보체와 결합하는 항체를 검사하는 방법으로, 이 반응은 최초에 기지항원, 피검혈청 및 보체를 혼합한다. 제2단계에서는 적혈구와 이것에 대응하는 용혈소의 혼합액을 가한다. 본 반응후 용혈이 일어나지 않으면 본체는 항원항체결합물에 결합한 것이 되어 양성이 되지만, 용혈이 일어난 경우 보체는 결합하지 않아 소비되지 않기 때문에 음성이 된다. 본 반응은 기지혈청을 써서 항원검출에 응용할 수 있으며, 마이코플라스마, 리케챠, 클라미디아, 바이러스, 매독 등의 진단에 쓰인다. |
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| 영문 | transfusion reaction | 한글 | 수혈부작용, 수혈반응 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 수혈하였을 때에 환자에게 일어나는 반응. 알레르기 반응과 용혈 반응이 있다. |
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| vacc | vaccination |
|---|---|
| VS | vaccination scar; vaccine serotype; vagal stimulation; vasospasm; venesection; ventricular septum; v... |
| LR | labeled release; laboratory references; laboratory report; labor room; lactated Ringer [solution]; l... |
| AAR | active avoidance reaction; acute articular rheumatism; antigen-antiglobulin reaction |
| APR | abdominoperineal resection; absolute proximal reabsorption; acute phase reaction or reactant; amebic... |
| PV | post vaccination |
|---|---|
| AR | Acrosome reaction |
| ADR | Adverse Drug Reaction |
| AS-PCR | Allele specific polymerase chain reaction |
| AP-PCR | Arbitrarily primed Polymerase Chain Reaction |
primary's area
| vaccination | <procedure> The introduction of vaccine into the body for the purpose of inducing immunity. Coined originally to apply to the injection of smallpox vaccine, the term has come to mean any immunising procedure in which vaccine is injected. Origin: L. Vacca = cow (18 Nov 1997) |
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| vaccination, anthrax | A series of six shots over six months and booster shots annually, the anthrax vaccine now in use in the usa was first developed in the 1950s and approved by the food and drug administration for general use in 1970. It is produced by the michigan biologic products institute of michigan's department of health and is given routinely to veterinarians and others working with livestock. In december, 1997 it was announced that all us military would receive the vaccine, as do the military in the uk and russia, the reason being concern that anthrax might be used in biologic warfare. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, chickenpox | This vaccine prevents the common disease known as chickenpox (varicella zoster). While chickenpox is often considered a trivial illness, it can cause significant lost time on the job and in school and have serious complications including ear infections, pneumonia, and infection of the rash with bacteria, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) leading to difficulty with balance and coordination (cerebellar ataxia), damaged nerves (palsies), and reye's syndrome, a potentially fatal complication. The vaccination requires only one shot given at about a year of age. If an older person has not had chickenpox, the shot may be given at any time. There have been few significant reactions to the chickenpox vaccine. All children, except those with a compromised immune system, should have the vaccination. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, children's | In the United States, it is recommended that all children receive vaccination against: - hepatitis b - diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis - haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), poliovirus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster virus (chickenpox). Every child in the u.s. Should have these vaccinations except when there are special circumstances and the child's doctor advises specifically against a vaccination. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, dpt | DPT immunization protects from diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus and is given in a series of 5 shots at 2, 4, 6, 18 months of age and 4-6 years of age. Thanks to vaccination programs, these diseases have become less common. However, there are still unvaccinated individuals capable of carrying and passing diphtheria and pertussis to others who are not vaccinated. Tetanus bacteria are prevalent in natural surroundings, such as contaminated soil. See also vaccination, dtap. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, dt | DT (diphtheria and tetanus) vaccine does not protect from pertussis and is usually reserved for individuals who have had a significant adverse reaction to a dpt shot or who have a personal or family history of a seizure disorder or brain disease (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, dtap | Like DPT, DTaP protects from diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. Dtap is the same as dtp, except that it contains only acellular pertussis vaccine which is thought to cause fewer of the minor reactions associated with immunization and is also probably less likely to cause the more severe reactions occasionally seen following pertussis vaccination. Dtap is currently recommended only for the shots given at 18 months and 4-6 years of age. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, german measles | See Vaccination, MMR. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, haemophilus influenzae type b | See vaccination, hib. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, hepatitis a | When immediate protection against hepatitis a (infectious hepatitis) is needed, immunoglobulins are used. Protection is effective only if given within 2 weeks of exposure and lasts but 2-4 months. Immunoglobulins can be used to protect household contacts of someone with acute viral hepatitis and travelers to regions with poor sanitation and high hepatitis a rates, when the traveler has to depart sooner than the vaccines can take effect (about 2 weeks). Travelers can receive the immunoglobulin and vaccine simultaneously and be protected immediately and for longer term. When immediate protection is not needed, hepatitis a vaccines are considered for individuals in high-risk settings, including frequent world travelers, sexually active individuals with multiple partners, homosexual men, individuals using illicit drugs, employees of daycare centres, and certain health care workers, and sewage workers. Two hepatitis a vaccines called havrix and vaqta are commercially available in the u.s. Both are highly effective and provide protection even after only one dose. Two doses are recommended for adults and 3 doses for children (under 18 years of age) to provide prolonged protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, hepatitis b | Hepatits B (hep B) vaccine gives prolonged protection, but 3 shots over a half year are usually required. In the u.s., all infants receive hep b vaccine. Two vaccines (engerix-b, and recombivax-hb) are available in the us. The first dose of hep b vaccine is frequently given while the newborn is in the hospital or at the first doctor visit following birth. The second dose is given about 30 days after the initial dose. A booster dose is performed approximately six months later. Babies born to mothers testing positive for hep b receive, in addition, hbig (hep b immune globulin) for prompt protection. Older children (11-12 years) are advised to receive a hep b booster as are adults in high-risk situations including healthcare workers, dentists, intimate and household contacts of patients with chronic hep b infection, male homosexuals, individuals with multiple sexual partners, dialysis patients, iv drug users, and recipients of repeated transfusions. Health care workers accidentally exposed to materials infected with hep b (such as needle sticks), and individuals with known sexual contact with hep b patients are available in the u.s. Both are highly effective and provide protection even after only one dose. Two doses are recommended for adults and 3 doses for children (under 18 years of age) to provide prolonged protection. Vaccination, hepatitis b: hepatits b (hep b) vaccine gives prolonged protection, but 3 shots over a half year are usually required. In the u.s., all infants receive hep b vaccine. Two vaccines (engerix-b, and recombivax-hb) are available in the us. The first dose of hep b vaccine is frequently given while the newborn is in the hospital or at the first doctor visit following birth. The second dose is given about 30 days after the initial dose. A booster dose is performed approximately six months later. Babies born to mothers testing positive for hep b receive, in addition, hbig (hep b immune globulin) for prompt protection. Older children (11-12 years) are advised to receive a hep b booster as are adults in high-risk situations including healthcare workers, dentists, intimate and household contacts of patients with chronic hep b infection, male homosexuals, individuals with multiple sexual partners, dialysis patients, iv drug users, and recipients of repeated transfusions. Health care workers accidentally exposed to materials infected with hep b (such as needle sticks), and individuals with known sexual contact with hep b patients are usually given both hbig and vaccine to provide immediate and long term protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, hib | This vaccine is to prevent disease caused by the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) bacteria. The h. Influenzae (h. Flu) bacteria can cause a range of serious diseases including meningitis with potential brain damage and epiglottitis with airway obstruction poisoning. The hib vaccine is usually given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A final booster is given at 12-15 months of age. Hib vaccine rarely causes severe reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, infectious hepatitis | See Vaccination, hepatitis a. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, measles | See Vaccination, MMR. Vaccination, mmr: the standard vaccine given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (german measles). The mmr vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at12-15 months of age. The second vaccination hould be given at 4-6 years (or, alternatively, 11-12 years) of age. most colleges require proof of a second measles or mmr vaccination prior to entrance. Most children should receive mmr vaccinations. Exceptions may include children born with an inability to fight off infection, some children with cancer, on treatment with radiation or drugs for cancer, on long term steroids (cortisone). People with severe allergic reactions to eggs or the drug neomycin should probably avoid the mmr vaccine. Pregnant women should wait until after delivery before being immunised with mmr. People with HIV or aids should normally receive mmr vaccine. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines may be administered as individual shots, if necessary, or as a measles-rubella combination. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, mumps | See Vaccination, MMR. Vaccination, pneumococcal pneumonia: this vaccine, which prevents one of the most common and severe forms of pneumonia, is usually given only once in a lifetime, usually after the age of 55, to someone with ongoing lung problems (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) or asthma) or other chronic diseases (including those involving the heart and kidneys). This vaccination would rarely be given to children. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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