| tumor | 1. <oncology> An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division that is uncontrolled and progressive, also called a neoplasm. Tumours perform no useful body function. They may be either benign (not cancerous) or malignant. 2. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations, morbid enlargement. Origin: L. Tumere = to swell (12 May 1997) |
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| tumor marker | <investigation, oncology> A substance in the body that usually indicates the presence of cancer. These markers are usually specific to certain types of cancer and are usually found in the blood or other tissue samples. Examples are alphafetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). They may be indicators of tumour stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids. (18 Jul 2002) |
| tumor necrosis factor | <cytokine> Originally described as a tumour inhibiting factor in the blood of animals exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide or Bacille Calmette-Guerin. Preferentially kills tumour cells in vivo and in vitro, causes necrosis of certain transplanted tumours in mice and inhibits experimental metastases. Human Tumour Necrosis factor alpha is a protein of 157 amino acids and has a wide range of pro inflammatory actions. Usually considered a cytokine. Synonym: cachectin. Acronym: TNF (13 Nov 1997) |
| medial tarsal artery | <anatomy, artery> One of two small branches of the dorsalis pedis; distribution, to inner margin of foot. Synonym: arteria tarsea medialis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cyst, tarsal | Also called a chalazian or a Meibomian cyst, an inflammation of the oil gland of the eyelid. (12 Dec 1998) |
| superior tarsal muscle | <anatomy> A well defined layer of smooth muscle that extends from the aponeurosis of the musculus levator palpebrae superioris to the superior tarsus; it is innervated by sympathetic nerves and acts to hold the upper lid in an elevated position; its paralysis in Horner's syndrome result in ptosis. Synonym: musculus tarsalis superior, Muller's muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inferior tarsal muscle | <anatomy> Poorly developed smooth muscle in the lower eyelid that acts to widen the palpebral fissure. Synonym: musculus tarsalis inferior. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tarsal | <anatomy> Of or pertaining to the tarsus (either of the foot or eye). A tarsal bone or cartilage; a tarsale. <medicine> Tarsal tetter, an eruptive disease of the edges of the eyelids; a kind of bleareye. <zoology> Same as Tercel. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| tarsal arch | See: arterial arch of lower eyelid, arterial arch of upper eyelid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tarsal bones | The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and first, second and third cuneiforms. The tarsus is a skeletal part of the foot. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tarsal canal | tarsal sinus |
| tarsal cartilage | Incorrect term sometimes applied to the inferior tarsus and superior tarsus. See: tarsus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tarsal coalition | <radiology> Abnormal fusion of one or more tarsal bones, aetiology: congenital, infection, trauma, articular disorders, surgery, age: 20-30's, symptoms: pain upon standing or with prolonged activity types:, calcaneonavicular most common, seen on 45 degree medial oblique view, talocalcaneal usually b/w talus and sustentaculum tali, talar beaking, talar broadening, narrowing of posterior subtalar joint, ball-and-socket ankle joint, talonavicular uncommon, calcaneocuboid very rare (12 Dec 1998) |
| tarsal cyst | Also called a Meibomian cyst or a chalazian. A tarsal cyst is an inflammation of the oil gland of the eyelid. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tarsal fold | The fold marking the attachment of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle into the skin of the upper eyelid. (05 Mar 2000) |