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  • switching of immunoglobulin classes
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  • switching sites
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  • half-of-the-sites reactivity
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  • splice sites
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  • upstream activation sites
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  • class switching
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  • heavy-chain class switching
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  • hemoglobin switching
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  • template switching
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AEBS Antiestrogen binding sites
DHS DNAse I hypersensitive sites
EBS ETS binding sites
FS Fragile Sites
HS Hypersensitive sites
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  • Class Switching phenomenon
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antigenic switching <immunology> The process by which a pathogenic microbe's genetic structure is altered tochange its surface antigens inorder to avoid being detected by the host's immune system.
(09 Oct 1997)
magnetic switching <radiobiology> The use as switches of saturable inductors for producing high power pulses without electrical arcs. This is a principal technology for extending single-shot accelerators in light-ion-beam-driven inertial confinement fusion to repetitively pulsed devices for possible reactors. Three terawatt, 200 KJ magnetic switches have been developed for fusion drivers at Sandia National Laboratories. (Info from the 1985 OSTI Glossary of Fusion Energy, may be out of date.)
(09 Oct 1997)
switching 1. Making a shift or exchange.
2. The movement of a defined region of DNA within a genome.
Class switching, a change in the expression of the C region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain.
(05 Mar 2000)
switching site The break point in a DNA sequence at which a gene segment unites with another gene segment, as in the production of the immunoglobulins.
(05 Mar 2000)
immunoglobulin class switching Gene rearrangement of the b-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.
(12 Dec 1998)
isotype switching <immunology> The switch of immunoglobulin isotype that occurs, for example: as the immune response progresses (IgM to IgG). The switch from IgM to IgG involves only the constant region of the heavy chains (from _ to _), the light chain and variable regions of the heavy chain remaining the same and involves the switch regions, upstream (on the 5'side) of the constant region genes, at which recombination occurs. Similarly, IgM and IgD with the same variable region of the heavy chain, but with different heavy chain constant regions (_ and _), seem to coexist on the surface of some lymphocytes.
(18 Nov 1997)
attachment sites <microbiology, molecular biology> Particular loci in both bacterial and phage DNA molecules at which phage DNA is integrated into the bacterial DNA by recombination between these sites.
(12 Dec 1998)
binding sites The reactive parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
(12 Dec 1998)
binding sites, antibody Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens. They are formed from parts of the variable regions of the fab fragment of the immunoglobulin.
(12 Dec 1998)
chromosome fragile sites Heritable sensitive regions of chromosomes which show up in vitro as non-staining bands. They are associated with chromosome breakage and other aberrations, and, when located on sex chromosomes, they produce phenotypic abnormalities. No abnormal phenotype has been definitely identified with autosomal fragile sites, but some rare autosomal recessive disorders may be due to homozygosity for fragile sites. Fragile sites are designated by the letters "fra" followed by the designation for the specific chromosome and locus.
(12 Dec 1998)
contact sites A Developmentally regulated adhesion sites that appear on the ends of aggregation competent Dictyostelium discoideum at the stage when the starved cells begin to come together to form the grex. Originally detected by the use of Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies, raised against aggregation competent cells and adsorbed against vegetative cells, to block adhesion in EDTA containing medium. (Cell cell adhesion mediated by contact sites A, unlike that mediated by contact sites B, is not divalent cation sensitive). The fact that a mutant deficient in csA behaves perfectly normally in culture is puzzling.
(18 Nov 1997)
contact sites B Developmentally regulated adhesion sites that appear on the ends of aggregation competent Dictyostelium discoideum at the stage when the starved cells begin to come together to form the grex. Originally detected by the use of Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies, raised against aggregation competent cells and adsorbed against vegetative cells, to block adhesion in EDTA containing medium. (Cell cell adhesion mediated by contact sites A, unlike that mediated by contact sites B, is not divalent cation sensitive). The fact that a mutant deficient in csA behaves perfectly normally in culture is puzzling.
(18 Nov 1997)
crohn disease: sites <radiology> Oesophagus: rare, stomach (2-20%): granulomatous gastritis, pseudo-post Bilroth-I appearance, ramshorn sign, antral-duodenal fistula, duodenum (4-10%): almost always associated with gastric involvement, bulb and proximal half of duodenum, small bowel (80%): regional enteritis, terminal ileum (alone/in combination): 95%, jejunum/ileum: 15%, commonly associated with medial caecal defect, colon (22-55%): granulomatous colitis, particularly on the right side, transverse stripe sign: contrast within coarse mucosal folds, rectum (35-50%) see: Crohn disease
(12 Dec 1998)
sequence tagged sites Short, tagged tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in genome mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a sequence tagged site (sts) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of stss over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular sts can be completely described as information in a database.
(12 Dec 1998)
sequence-tagged sites Short stretches of DNA sequences that can be detected by use of the polymerase chain reaction.
(05 Mar 2000)
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