| sodium | <chemistry>, element> Sodium is a soft, silvery, highly reactive alkali metal which has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic weight of 22.990. It is most commonly found in the form of salt, sodium chloride (NaCl). It was first identified as an element by the English scientist Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. Sodium chloride is a critical nutrient in humans (it plays an important role in nerve function), but too much of it can cause health problems such as aggravating high blood pressure. Pure metallic sodium is a fire hazard, and it can explode if it comes into contact with water. Other commonly used sodium compounds include soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3), baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3) and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH). Abbreviation: Na (09 Oct 1997) |
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| sodium acetate | <chemical> The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. It has also been used as a systemic and urinary alkaliser, diuretic, and expectorant. Pharmacological action: diuretics, expectorants, pharmaceutic aid. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sodium acid carbonate | <chemical> Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. Pharmacologic action: Acid neutralization. Uses: Preexisting metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, tricyclic or phenobarbital overdose. Dose in mEq: 0.3 * (base deficit) * (wt in kg). Potential complications: Metabolic alkalosis, hypercarbia, hyperosmolar state. Note: Since HCO3- does not cross cell membranes and CO2 does, the administration of bicarbonate may actually make tissues more acidotic. Chemical name: Carbonic acid monosodium salt. (12 Mar 2000) |
| sodium acid citrate | Na3C6H5O7 -2H2O; trisodium citrate;used as diuretic, antilithic, systemic and urinary alkaliser, expectorant, and anticoagulant (in vitro). Synonym: sodium acid citrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium acid phosphate | NaH2PO4-H2O;used to increase urinary acidity. Synonym: primary sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium alginate | <plant biology> This gelatinous material, a polysaccharide extract from brown algae, is widely used in foods, medicines, and industrial and household products. The main algae that produce it are Laminaria species and Macrocystispyrifera (a chemically different version of algin is produced by the bacterium Azobacter vinelandii.) (09 Oct 1997) |
| sodium aminosalicylate | C6H3(p-NH2)(o-OH)-COONa-2H2O;used for the same purposes as aminosalicylic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium ammonium ATPase | <enzyme> Aspect of atpase, EC 3.6.1.3 Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- Synonym: ammonium potassium atpase, na nh4 atpase, atpase, sodium ammonium (26 Jun 1999) |
| sodium antimonyl tartrate | Na(SbO)C4H4O6;used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, and as an emetic. Synonym: sodium antimonyl tartrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium antimonylgluconate | 1. Pentavalent sodium stibogluconate;Pentavalent sodium stibogluconate, used in the treatment of all types of leishmaniasis; toxic effects are frequent. Synonym: antimony sodium gluconate. 2. Trivalent sodium stibogluconate;Trivalent antimony sodium gluconate, used in the treatment of schistosomiasis; toxic effects are frequent. Synonym: sodium antimonylgluconate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium arsanilate | H2N-C6H4-AsO(OH)(ONa)-3H 2O; a compound that was one of the first modern pentavalent arsenicals. Synonym: sodium arsanilate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium ascorbate | Same actions and uses as ascorbic acid; it is preferred for intramuscular administration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium ATPase | <enzyme> Na activated, mg dependent atpase; aspect of atpase, EC 3.6.1.3 Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- Synonym: sodium adenosine triphosphatase, na atpase, atpase, sodium, sodium-translocating atpase (26 Jun 1999) |
| sodium aurothiomalate | <chemical> A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis. Pharmacological action: antirheumatic agents, gold. Chemical name: Butanedioic acid, mercapto-, monogold(1+) sodium salt (12 Dec 1998) |
| sodium aurothiosulfate | <chemical> An antirheumatic agent with the same actions and uses as gold sodium thiomalate. Pharmacological action: antirheumatic agents, gold. Chemical name: Aurate(3-), bis(monothiosulfato(2-)-O,S)-, trisodium, (T-4)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetosulfone sodium | 2-N-Acetylsulfamyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone;a leprostatic administered orally. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| acetrizoate sodium | Salt of 3-acetamido-2,4,6-triiobenzoic acid, a formerly used water-soluble radiographic contrast medium. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antimony sodium gluconate | <chemical> Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis. Pharmacological action: antiprotozoal agents, schistosomicides. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antimony sodium tartrate | Na(SbO)C4H4O6;used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, and as an emetic. Synonym: sodium antimonyl tartrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antimony sodium thioglycollate | A compound of antimony trioxide and thioglycolic acid, used for tropical parasites. (05 Mar 2000) |
| azlocillin sodium | Sodium (6R)-6-[d-2-(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido)-2-phenylacetamido]penicillanate;an extended spectrum penicillin used in treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus influenzae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bismuth sodium tartrate | A basic sodium bismuth tartrate; an antisyphilitic agent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bismuth sodium triglycollamate | Sodium bismuth complex of nitrilotriacetic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| caffeine and sodium benzoate | A mixture of equal parts of sodium benzoate and caffeine, used to meet the indication of caffeine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| caffeine and sodium salicylate | A mixture of sodium salicylate and caffeine used for the relief of headache and neuralgia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| meclofenamate sodium | Monosodium N-(2,6-dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilate monohydrate;a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic actions. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cefoperazone sodium | C25H26N9NaO8S2;a semisynthetic piperazine-cephalosporin antibiotic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cefotaxime sodium | C16H16N5NaO7S2;a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cefoxitin sodium | A semisynthetic antibiotic derived from cephamycin C but structurally and pharmacologically similar to the cephalosporins; used by injection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ceftazidime sodium | C22H21N6NaO7S2;a cephalosporin antibiotic especially effective against enterobacteria and species of Pseudomonas. (05 Mar 2000) |