| shorten | 1. To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity. 2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as, to shorten work, an allowance of food, etc. "Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain." (Dryden) 3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; with of. "Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears." (Dryden) 4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, pot liquor, or the like. To shorten a rope, to reduce sail by taking it in. Origin: See Short. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| shortening reaction | The adaptive shortening of the extensor muscles of the limb of a decerebrate animal when the limb is extended after it has been flexed. Compare: lengthening reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |