| 영문 | dental caries | 한글 | 충치, 치아우식증 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 치아의 조직이 세균에 의해 용해내지 파괴되어 점차 통증을 나타내다가 치아를 잃게 되는 하나의 세균성 병이라고 볼 수 있다. 우리나라에서는 영구치의 충치 이환율이 약 80%로, 한 사람이 2~3개의 충치를 갖고 있는 셈이며, 구강 보건상태는 도시, 농촌지역, 해안지역 순으로 좋다. 원인은 치태(dental plaque)로서, 이것은 점액이나 탈락한 잇몸의 세포들, 그리고 세균 등으로 이루어져 있으며, 점착성이 강하여 치아 표면에 잘 부착되어 양치질이나 칫솔질로는 쉽게 제거되지 않는다. 치태에는 그물모양의 구조내에 막대균과 알균이 섞여 있는데, 특히 내산성 사슬알균과 젖산균이 많다. 현재 가장 유력한 충치의 원인균으로 밝혀지고 있는 이 사슬알균은 설탕을 합성하는 능력을 가지고 있으며, 덱스트란(dextran)을 형성한다고 생각되는데, 이 덱스트란은 물에 녹지 않으며 끈적거리는 점착성이 있어 치태가 치아표면에 잘 붙어 있게 한다. 이 사슬알균은 설탕으로부터 유기산과 치태를 형성한다. 치태 중에는 사슬알균이 생산하는 산이 정체되어 있기 때문에, 이 산에 의해 치아 표면의 단단한 석회질을 녹인다. 대부분이 인산칼슘으로 구성되어 있는 치아의 표면은 산에 의해 칼슘이 분해되어 치아 표면이 거칠어지면서 충치가 진행된다. 이와 같이 세균과 이 세균이 생산하는 화학적 물질에 의해서 충치가 생긴다는 가설을 세균-화학설이라고 한다. 충치의 발생원인에는 이 세균-화학설 이외에도 미생물이 치아표면의 유기질 부위에 먼저 부착되어 산을 만들어 파괴시킨다는 단백용해설도 있으며, 또한 산에 의하지 않는 치아의 파괴, 음식물이 원인이 된다고 주장하는 학설도 있다. 설탕은 충치를 가장 잘 유발시키는 물질로, 섭취 빈도에 따라 충치가 증가한다는 것이 증명되고 있다. 비타민은 충치 요인에 그리 중요하지 않은 것으로 보이며 음식물 내에 존재하는 칼슘과 인 또한 중요하지 않다고 한다. 유전적 소인은 중요한 역할을 하리라 생각되지만 증명하기가 어렵다. |
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| DDS | damaged disc syndrome; dendrodendritic synaptosome; dental distress syndrome; depressed DNA synthesi... |
|---|---|
| PERRLA | pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation |
| PRRE | pupils round, regular, and equal |
| RRE, RR&E | round, regular, and equal [pupils] |
| RW | radiological warfare; ragweed; respiratory work; Romano-Ward [syndrome]; round window |
| IAA | Interrupted aortic arch |
|---|---|
| IAA | Interruption of the aortic arch |
| DSRCT | Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor |
| RS | Round spermatids |
| RW | Round window |
| collapse of dental arch | Movement of teeth to fill a space which would normally be filled by another, missing tooth, creating a malpositioning of adjacent and opposing teeth. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| superior dental arch | The teeth supported by the alveolar process of the two maxillae, whether the 10 deciduous teeth or the 16 permanent teeth. Synonym: arcus dentalis superior, maxillary dentition. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dental arch | <anatomy, dentistry> The curved composite structure of the natural dentition and the residual ridge, or the remains thereof after the loss of some or all of the natural teeth. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inferior dental arch | The teeth supported by the alveolar part of the mandible, whether the 10 deciduous teeth or the 16 permanent teeth. Synonym: arcus dentalis inferior, mandibular dentition. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chi-square | A statistical technique whereby variables are categorised to determine whether a distribution of scores is due to chance or experimental factors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chi-square distribution | A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chi-square test | A statistical method of assessing the significance of a difference, as when the data from two or more samples is represented by a discrete number such as the numbers of females and males attending each of two colleges. Synonym: x2 test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| square | 1. <geometry> The corner, or angle, of a figure. A parallelogram having four equal sides and four right angles. 2. Hence, anything which is square, or nearly so; as: A square piece or fragment. "He bolted his food down his capacious throat in squares of three inches." (Sir W. Scott) A pane of glass. One hundred superficial feet. 3. An area of four sides, generally with houses on each side; sometimes, a solid block of houses; also, an open place or area for public use, as at the meeting or intersection of two or more streets. "The statue of Alexander VII. Stands in the large square of the town." (Addison) 4. <mechanics> An instrument having at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, used to lay out or test square work. It is of several forms, as the T square, the carpenter's square, the try-square, etc. 5. Hence, a pattern or rule. 6. <mathematics> The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; thus, 64 is the square of 8, for 8 <times/ 8 = 64; the square of a + b is a^2 + 2ab + b^2. 7. Exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct; regularity; rule. "They of Galatia [were] much more out of square." (Hooker) "I have not kept my square." (Shak) 8. A body of troops formed in a square, especially. One formed to resist a charge of cavalry; a squadron. "The brave squares of war." 9. The relation of harmony, or exact agreement; equality; level. "We live not on the square with such as these." (Dryden) 10. <astronomy> The position of planets distant ninety degrees from each other; a quadrate. 11. The act of squaring, or quarreling; a quarrel. 12. The front of a woman's dress over the bosom, usually worked or embroidered. Geometrical square. See Quadrat. Hollow square, a formation of troops in the shape of a square, each side consisting of four or five ranks, and the colours, officers, horses, etc, occupying the middle. Least square, Magic square, etc. See Least, Magic, etc. On the square, or Upon the square, in an open, fair manner; honestly, or upon honor. On, or Upon, the square with, upon equality with; even with. To be all squares, to be all settled. To be at square, to be in a state of quarreling. To break no square, to give no offense; to make no difference. To break squares, to depart from an accustomed order. To see how the squares go, to see how the game proceeds; a phrase taken from the game of chess, the chessboard being formed with squares. Origin: OF. Esquarre, esquierre, F. Equerre a carpenter's square (cf. It. Squadra), fr. (assumed) LL. Exquadrare to make square; L. Ex + quadrus a square, fr. Quattuor four. See Four, and cf. Quadrant, Squad, Squer a square. 1. <geometry> Having four equal sides and four right angles; as, a square figure. 2. Forming a right angle; as, a square corner. 3. Having a shape broad for the height, with rectilineal and angular rather than curving outlines; as, a man of a square frame. 4. Exactly suitable or correspondent; true; just. "She's a most truimphant lady, if report be square to her." (Shak) 5. Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as square dealing. 6. Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the accounts square. 7. Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous. "By Heaven, square eaters. More meat, I say." (Beau. & Fl) 8. at right angles with the mast or the keel, and parallel to the horizon; said of the yards of a square-rigged vessel when they are so braced. Square is often used in self-explaining compounds or combination, as in square-built, square-cornered, square-cut, square-nosed, etc. Square foot, an area equal to that of a square the sides of which are twelwe inches; 144 square inches. Square knot, a knot in which the terminal and standing parts are parallel to each other; a reef knot. Square measure, the measure of a superficies or surface which depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly. The units of square measure are squares whose sides are the linear measures; as, square inches, square feet, square meters, etc. Square number. See square. <mathematics> Square root of a number or quantity, a stern having a transom and joining the counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a round stern, which has no transom. Three-square, Five-square, etc, having three, five, etc, equal sides; as, a three-square file. To get square with, to get even with; to pay off. 1. To form with four sides and four right angles. 2. To form with right angles and straight lines, or flat surfaces; as, to square mason's work. 3. To compare with, or reduce to, any given measure or standard. 4. To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; to fit; as, to square our actions by the opinions of others. "Square my trial To my proportioned strength." (Milton) 5. To make even, so as leave no remainder of difference; to balance; as, to square accounts. 6. <mathematics> To multiply by itself; as, to square a number or a quantity. 7. <astronomy> To hold a quartile position respecting. "The icy Goat and Crab that square the Scales." (Creech) 8. To place at right angles with the keel; as, to square the yards. To square one's shoulders, to raise the shoulders so as to give them a square appearance, a movement expressing contempt or dislike. <mathematics> To square the circle, to determine the exact contents of a circle in square measure. The solution of this famous problem is now generally admitted to be impossible. Origin: Cf. OF. Escarrer, esquarrer. See Square. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| square matrix | A matrix in which the numbers of rows and columns are equal. (05 Mar 2000) |
| square wave stimuli | Electrical stimulation in which the intensity of the current is brought suddenly to a given level and maintained at that level until it suddenly is cut off; this type of stimulus is particularly useful in obtaining a strength-duration curve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inverse square law | As applied to point sources, the intensity of radiation diminishes in proportion to the square of the distance from the source. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Latin square | A statistical design for experiments that removes from experimental error the variation from two sources that may be identified with the rows and columns of a square. The allocation of experimental treatments is such that each treatment occurs exactly once in each row and column. For example, a design for a 5 × 5 square is as follows: (05 Mar 2000) |
| superior dental branches of superior dental plexus | Branches passing from the superior dental plexus to the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw. Synonym: rami dentales superiores plexus dentalis superioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inferior dental branches of inferior dental plexus | Branches passing from the inferior dental plexus to the roots of the teeth of the lower jaw. Synonym: rami dentales inferiores plexus dentalis inferioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adolescent round back | Osteochondrosis of the vertebral epiphyses in children. (12 Dec 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|