| retinol | Vitamin A1alcohol; 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene;a half-carotene bearing the b (or beta-ionone) form of the cyclic end group and a CH2OH at the C-15 position (numbering as in carotenoids) or 9'-position (numbering as a nonyl side chain on a cyclohexene ring); an intermediate in the vision cycle, it also plays a role in growth and differentiation. See: dehydroretinol. Synonym: vitamin A1 alcohol, vitamin A1. Retinol dehydrogenase, an oxidoreductase catalyzing interconversion of retinal and NADH to retinol and NAD+. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| retinol 4-hydroxylase | <enzyme> Converts retinol to 4-hydroxyretinol in presence of NADPH Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| retinol-binding protein | <molecular biology> Proteins which bind with retinol. The retinol-binding protein found in plasma has an alpha-1 mobility on electrophoresis and a molecular weight of 21,000-22,000. The protein has one binding site for retinol and is responsible for the transport of vitamin A. The retinol- protein complex (molecular weight 80,000 to 90,000) circulates in plasma in the form of a protein-protein complex with prealbumin. The retinol-binding protein found in tissue has a molecular weight of 14,000 and carries retinol as a non-covalently-bound ligand. (03 Jul 1999) |
| retinol dehydratase | <enzyme> Catalyses conversion of retinol to anhydroretinol; isolated from spodoptera frugiperda; genbank u28654 Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| retinol dehydrogenase | <enzyme> 9-cis-retinol dehydrogenase is also available Registry number: EC 1.1.1.105 Synonym: 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase, p32 retinol dehydrogenase (26 Jun 1999) |
| retinol isomerase | <enzyme> Catalyses the isomerization of all trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol in the dark; found in the pigment epithelium in the eye Registry number: EC 5.2.1.7 Synonym: retinoid isomerase (26 Jun 1999) |
| 11-cis-retinol | Retinol with cis configuration at the 11-position (carotenoid numbering) or 5'-position (retinol numbering) of the side chain; an intermediate in the vision cycle. Synonym: neoretinene B. (05 Mar 2000) |
| 9-cis-retinol dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Catalyses oxidation of 9-cis-retinol to 9-cis-retinaldehyde; does not catalyze oxidation of all-trans-retinol; genbank u89717 Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- Synonym: retinol dehydrogenase (9-cis) (26 Jun 1999) |
| lecithin-retinol acyltransferase | <enzyme> Transfers 1-acyl moiety from lecithin to retinol-cellular retinol-binding protein, type II, to produce retinyl esters; does not use CoA Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| alu-equivalent family | A set of sequences in a mammalian genome that is related to the human Alu family. (05 Mar 2000) |
| barrel of oil equivalent | A unit of energy equal to the amount of energy contained in a barrel of crude oil. Approximately 5.78 million Btu or 1,700 kWh. A barrel is a liquid measure equal to 42 gallons. (05 Dec 1998) |
| gold equivalent | A unit of power of the protective colloids; the number of milligrams of protective colloid just sufficient to prevent the precipitation of 10 ml of a 0.0053 to 0.0058% gold solution by the action of 1 ml of a 10% sodium chloride solution. Synonym: gold number. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gram equivalent | The weight in grams of an element that combines with or replaces 1 gram of hydrogen, the atomic or molecular weight in grams of an atom or group of atoms involved in a chemical reaction divided by the number of electrons donated, taken up, or shared by the atom or group of atoms in the course of that reaction, the weight of a substance contained in 1 liter of 1 normal solution; a variant of. Synonym: combining weight, equivalent weight. (05 Mar 2000) |
| metabolic equivalent | The oxygen cost of energy expenditure measured at supine rest (1 MET = 3.5 ml O2 per kg of body weight per minute); multiples of MET are used to estimate the oxygen cost of activity, e.g., 3 to 5 METs for light work; more than 9 METs for heavy work. (05 Mar 2000) |
| roentgen-equivalent | <radiobiology> A unit of dose equivalent to that quantity of ionizing radiation of any type that produces in man the same biologic effect as one rad of X-rays or gamma rays; the number of rems is equal to the absorbed dose, measured in rads, multiplied by the quality factor of the radiation in question.100 rem = 1 Sv. (05 Mar 2000) |