| 영문 | retinoic acid | 한글 | 레티노산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | C20H28O2. 비타민 A의 알코올기를 알데히드로 산화한 후 다시 카르복실산으로 산화하여 얻은 산. 발생중의 세포에 작용하여 형태를 만드는데 관여한다. |
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| 영문 | receptor | 한글 | 수용체 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 세포질내 또는 세포표면에 존재하는 분자구조로서 특이물질과 선택적으로 결합하며 결합에 의해 특이한 생리적 작용을 나타낸다. 펩티드호르몬, 신경전달물질, 항원, 보체, 면역글로불린에 대한 세포표면 수용체와 스테로이드에 대한 세포질내 수용체가 있다. |
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| 영문 | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | 한글 | 데옥시리보핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 핵산의 일종으로 DNA라고도 한다. Deoxyribonucleotide의 중합체이며 유전자의 화학적 본체이다. RNA바이러스 이외의 모든 생물은 DNA를 유전자로 지니고 있다. 디옥시리보뉴클레오티드(deoxyribonucleotide)는 염기와 당(2'-deoxy-D-ribose)과 인산으로 이루어진다. 염기는 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine)및 시토신(cytosine)의 4가지이며, 이것은 당에 부착되어 있다. 인산 역시 당의 한 부분에 부착되어 있다. 이 deoxyribonucleotide의 당은 다른 deoxy- ribonucleotide의 당과 인산을 사이에 놓고 결합을 하게 되어 하나의 긴 사슬을 형성하게 된다. 즉 당과 인산이 주축이 되어서 deoxyribonucleotide의 긴 사슬을 만든다. 이 deoxyribonucleotide의 사슬 두 개는 각각 deoxyribonucleotide에 부착되어 있는 염기들이 결합을 하여 두 개의 사슬이 결합되어 있는 이중나선 구조를 만들게 된다. 4가지 염기 아데닌은 티민과 결합을 하고, 시토신과 결합을 하게 된다. 즉 당과 인산은 긴 사슬을 만드는 역할을 하고 긴 사슬에 부착된 염기들의 결합에 의해서 두 개의 긴 사슬은 서로 붙어서 이중나선 구조를 만든다. DNA의 유전정보는 염기에 저장된다. 4개의 염기의 조합과 배열이 유전정보를 보관하는 하나의 암호 역할을 행하게 된다. |
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| 영문 | ribonucleic acid | 한글 | 리보핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | Ribonucleotide monomer로 이루어진 핵산으로 염기, 당, 인산으로 구성된다. 염기는 adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil의 4종류가 있으며, 당은 5탄당이다. RNA는 DNA를 주형으로 하여 상보적으로 결합, 형성되며 단백질을 만들어내는 데에 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 전령 RNA(mRNA)는 단백질 합성에 있어 가장 기본이 되는 DNA의 서열을 상보적으로 옮겨 받아 전달하는 전령구실을 하는 RNA. 리보솜 RNA(rRNA) 리보솜을 형성하는 4가지 RNA사슬(28S, 18S, 5.8S, 5S로 구성). 전달 RNA(tRNA) 특정 아미노산을 한쪽 끝에 지니고 상보적 서열의 mRNA와 일시적 결합을 이루며 단백질 합성에 직접 기여하는 RNA이다. |
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| 영문 | acid | 한글 | 산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 물에 녹았을 때 이온화하여 수소 이온을 만드는 물질. 신맛이 나고 청색 리트머스 종이를 붉게 변화시키며 염기와의 중화 반응에 의하여 물과 염을 만들고 이온화 열에서 수소보다 앞에 있는 금속과 반응하여 염을 만들면서 수소를 발생시킨다. 수소 원자를 이온화하는 힘의 강약에 따라 강산과 약산으로 나뉜다. |
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| RAR | rapidly adapting receptor; rat insulin receptor; retinoic acid receptor; right arm reclining; right ... |
|---|---|
| RARA | retinoic acid receptor alpha |
| RARB | retinoic acid receptor beta |
| RARG | retinoic acid receptor gamma |
| CRABP | cellular retinoic acid-binding protein |
| RXR | 2/retinoic acid X receptor |
|---|---|
| RAR alpha | Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha |
| RAR | retinoic acid nuclear receptor |
| RAR | Retinoic acid receptor |
| RAR beta | Retinoic acid receptor beta |
| receptors, retinoic acid | Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind retinoic acid or retinol and trigger changes in the behaviour of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognised. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| cellular retinoic acid binding protein | <protein> A cytoplasmic fatty acid binding protein that acts as an initial receptor for the putative morphogen, retinoic acid. (18 Nov 1997) |
| retinoic acid | <biochemistry> The aldehyde (retinal) has long been known to be involved in photoreception, but retinoic acid has other roles. There are cytoplasmic retinoic acid binding proteins and retinoic acid response elements that regulate gene transcription. Retinoic acid is thought to be a morphogen in chick limb bud development and in early development of the chick that probably accounts for its potent teratogenic action. Synonym: vitamin A. (03 Jul 1999) |
| retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase | <enzyme> Catalyses the hydroxylation of all-trans retinoic acid to 4-hydroxyretinoic acid Registry number: EC 1.14.- Synonym: ra-4-hydroxylase, cytochrome p450 4-hydroxylase, cyp450 4-hydroxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| amino acid receptor | <biochemistry> Ligand gated ion channels with specific receptors for amino acid transmitters. An extended protein superfamily that also includes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gamma aminobutyric acid receptor | <physiology> Ligand gated chloride ion channel forming receptor opened by gamma aminobutyric acid. Two distinct types: A and B. A receptor: One of a family of neurotransmitter receptors with fast intrinsic ion channels that includes the glycine receptor and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Distinct from another major receptor family, the muscarininc acetylcholine receptor and rhodopsin, with no intrinsic ion channel. The A receptor is specifically blocked by bicuculline. It consists of two pairs of protein chains forming an A2B2 complex, the A chains bind benzodiazepine and the B chains bind GABA. The 4 subunits are thought to form a tight group with the chloride channel in the middle. There is considerable similarity between the amino acid sequences of the receptor subunits and those of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor suggesting that both receptors are derived from some evolutionary ancestor. See: amino acid receptor superfamily. B receptor: Brain receptor (80 kD) for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid. Differs from the A receptor both in agonist specificity (baclofen is a specific agonist) and its effects on cells. It modulates intracellular calcium levels through a Go mediated effect on N type calcium channels and also lowers intracellular cAMP levels by an effect on adenylyl cyclase, thereby reducing the secretion of catecholamines. (05 Jan 1998) |
| acetylcholine receptor antibodies | <neurology, investigation> A test used to measure the amount of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors on nerve endings. This is a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis. A normal value is no antibodies in the bloodstream. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) binding autoantibodies (i.e. Antibodies reactive with several epitopes other than the binding site for acetylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin) are present in approximately 88% of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis, 70% of ocular myasthenia and in approximately 80% of myasthenia gravis in remission. Although serum concentrations of AChR binding autoantibodies do not in general correlate well with severity of weakness, there is typical decrease in concentration as weakness improves with immunosuppressive therapy. AChR blocking autoantibodies (i.e., antibodies reactive with the AChR binding site) are present in about 50% of patients with myasthenia gravis, 30% with ocular myasthenia gravis and 20% of myasthenia gravis in remission, AChR blocking autoantibodies are the only AChR autoantibodies present in about 1% of myasthenia gravis. AChR modulating autoantibodies (i.e., autoantibodies which cross-link AChRs and cause their removal from muscle membrane surfaces) are present in more than 90% of myasthenia gravis and occasionally are the only AchR autoantibodies detectable in mild, recent onset or ocular-restricted myasthenia gravis. Results for AChR modulating autoantibodies can be transiently false-positive due to curare-like drugs used during general anesthesia. AChR autoantibodies of one or more types are found in at least 80% of ocular myasthenia gravis. Although generally absent in neurological conditions other than myasthenia gravis(and consequently unlikely to cause confusion in neurodiagnosis), false-positive results for AChR autoantibodies occasionally occur in primary biliary cirrhosis, tardive dyskinesia, autoimmune thyroiditis, the elderly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients treated with cobra venom and patients with thymoma in the absence of myasthenia gravis. Approximately 1% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine develop AChR autoantibodies and myasthenia gravis, both of which disappear when the drug is discontinued. Babies born to ~10% of myasthenia gravis mothers have a transient neonatal form of myasthenia gravis that responds well to anticholinesterase therapy and usually remits within 1 month as maternal IgG disappears. (29 Dec 1997) |
| AMPA receptor | <cell biology> Glutamate operated ion channel. See: excitatory amino acid receptor channels. (05 Feb 1998) |
| ANP receptor | <molecular biology> Family of 3 receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide. ANP A and ANP B have intracellular guanylate cyclase and protein kinase like domains. ANP C, shares the extracellular ligand binding and transmembrane domains, but lacks the functional intracellular domains and is not thought to be involved in signal transduction. (18 Nov 1997) |
| asialoglycoprotein receptor | A surface receptor found in hepatocytes that binds galactose-terminal glycoproteins; thus, this receptor removes those proteins from circulation and they are in turn acted upon by hepatocyte lysosomes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| auditory receptor cells | Columnar cell's in the epithelium of the organ of Corti, having hairs (stereocilia) on their apical ends. See: Corti's cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent | A class of drugs that compete with beta-adrenergic agonists for available receptor sites; some compete for both b1 and b2 receptors (e.g., propranolol) while others are primarily either b1 (e.g., metoprolol) or b2 blockers; used in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases where beta-adrenergic blockade is desirable. Synonym: beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, beta-blocker. (05 Mar 2000) |
| beta-adrenergic receptor kinase | <enzyme> Cyclic-AMP protein kinase which specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of beta-adrenergic receptor Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: beta-ar kinase, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1, g-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, grk2 (kinase), beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2, beta-ar kinase 2 (26 Jun 1999) |
| cAMP receptor protein | catabolite (gene) activator protein |
| GABA receptor | <physiology> Ligand gated chloride ion channel forming receptor opened by gamma aminobutyric acid. Two distinct types: A and B. A receptor: One of a family of neurotransmitter receptors with fast intrinsic ion channels that includes the glycine receptor and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Distinct from another major receptor family, the muscarininc acetylcholine receptor and rhodopsin, with no intrinsic ion channel. The A receptor is specifically blocked by bicuculline. It consists of two pairs of protein chains forming an A2B2 complex, the A chains bind benzodiazepine and the B chains bind GABA. The 4 subunits are thought to form a tight group with the chloride channel in the middle. There is considerable similarity between the amino acid sequences of the receptor subunits and those of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor suggesting that both receptors are derived from some evolutionary ancestor. See: amino acid receptor superfamily. B receptor: Brain receptor (80 kD) for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid. Differs from the A receptor both in agonist specificity (baclofen is a specific agonist) and its effects on cells. It modulates intracellular calcium levels through a Go mediated effect on N type calcium channels and also lowers intracellular cAMP levels by an effect on adenylyl cyclase, thereby reducing the secretion of catecholamines. (05 Jan 1998) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|