| chain, orthodontic chain | <dentistry> A stretchable plastic chain used to hold archwires into brackets and to moke teeth. (08 Jan 1998) |
|---|---|
| respiratory chain | The mitochondrial electron transport chain. (18 Nov 1997) |
| phosphorylation | <biochemistry> The creation of a phosphate derivative of an organic molecule. This isusually achieved by transferring a phosphate group from ATP. (09 Oct 1997) |
| phosphorylation of proteins | <biochemistry> Addition of phosphate groups to hydroxyl groups on proteins (side chains s, T or Y) catalysed by a protein kinase often specific) with ATP as phosphate donor. Activity of proteins is often regulated by phosphorylation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cyclic phosphorylation | Any process in which a phosphatide ester forms a cylic diester by linkage to a neighbouring hydroxyl group. (18 Nov 1997) |
| substrate-level phosphorylation | Synthesis of high-energy phosphate bonds through reaction of inorganic phosphate with an activated (usually) organic substrate. (09 Oct 1997) |
| oxidative phosphorylation | <biochemistry> The phosphorylation of ATP coupled to the respiratory chain. (18 Nov 1997) |
| electron transport phosphorylation | <biochemistry> Synthesis of ATP involving a membrane associated electron transport chain and the creation of a proton-motive force. (09 Oct 1997) |
| tyrosine phosphorylation | <enzyme> Kinases that phosphorylate protein tyrosine residues. These kinases play major roles in mitogenic signalling and can be divided into two subfamilies: receptor tyrosine kinases, that have an extracellular ligand binding domain, a single transmembrane domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which are soluble, cytoplasmic kinases. (18 Nov 1997) |
| A chain | A polypeptide component of insulin containing 21 amino acyl residues, beginning with a glycyl residue (NH2-terminus); insulin is formed by the linkage of an A chain to a B chain by two disulfide bonds; the amino-acid composition of the A chain is a function of species. Synonym: glycyl chain. In general, one of the polypeptides in a multiprotein complex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha chain disease | A vague or indefinite term; could be used for alpha-heavy-chain disease (a lymphoplasma cell proliferative disease usually seen in Mediterranean men, characterised by intestinal involvement with steatorrhoea, often progressive with fatal outcome) or a thalassaemia (a genetic abnormality in the alpha globin chain of haemoglobin). (05 Mar 2000) |
| amino acids, branched-chain | Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| B chain | A polypeptide component of insulin containing 30 amino acyl residues, beginning with a phenylalanyl residue (NH2-terminus); insulin is formed by the linkage of a B chain to an A chain by two disulfide bonds; the amino-acid composition of the B chain is a function of species. Synonym: phenylalanyl chain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| behaviour chain | Related behaviours in a series in which each response serves as a stimulus for the next response. (05 Mar 2000) |
| branched chain acyl-CoA oxidase | <enzyme> Enzyme from human liver peroxisomes acts on both 2-methyl branched fatty acyl- and bile acid-CoA intermediates, unlike rat liver peroxisomes which have separate enzymes for branched chain fatty acids (pristanoyl-CoA) and bile acid-CoA; involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids and bil Registry number: EC 1.3.3.- Synonym: 2-methyl-branched chain acyl-CoA oxidase, hbrcacox (26 Jun 1999) |