| 영문 | genetic engineering | 한글 | 유전공학 |
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| 설명 | 1. 유전자의 합성이나 변형 따위를 연구하는 학문. 응용 유전학의 한 분야로, 병의 치료나 이로운 산물의 대량 생산을 목적으로 한다. 2. 생물의 유전자를 인공적으로 가공하여 인간에게 필요한 물질을 대량으로 값싸게 얻는 기술. 1970년대에 들어서면서 경이적인 과학기술의 하나로 큰 주목을 끌고 있으며, 이 분야에는 재조합 DNA기술-세포융합기술 및 핵치환기술 등이 있다. 재조합 DNA 기술에 의하여 인공적으로 재조합유전자를 만든 최초의 보고는 1972년 잭슨 등이 하였고, 인공적 재조합유전자를 숙주세포에서 형질을 발현시키는 데 최초로 성공한 것은 1973년 F. J. 코벤 등이다. 이 재조합 DNA 기술은 세균파지, 플라스미드에 관한 연구와 DNA에 작용하는 효소들, 특히 제한효소와 DNA 연결효소에 관한 연구에 의존하였다. 유전공학의 발전은 우리 세계를 바꿀 수 있을 것으로 내다보고 있다. 암을 제압하고 노화를 방지할 수 있어 유전공학은 결국 오늘의 인간이 안고 있는 에너지-식량-의료 등의 문제를 해결해 줄 수 있는 가능성을 지닌다. 이 때문에 유전공학은 ‘제3의 산업혁명’이라고 할 수 있고, 따라서 그 개발을 위하여 온 세계의 기업들이 이의 연구개발에 착수하고 국가들도 전략기술로 다루어 집접 육성에 박차를 가하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 1982년부터 유전공학 분야를 국가가 육성해야 할 특정연구 분야로 지정하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | genetic code | 한글 | 유전부호 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 길게 늘어서 있는 DNA사슬의 유전정보가 각각의 아미노산에 대응하여 단백질의 합성에 사용될 수 있게 읽혀지는 방법. DNA 분자는 각각의 Deoxyribonucleotide가 연결되어서 이루는 구조이다. 이Deoxyribonucleolide는 당, 인산, 그리고 염기로 이루어져 있다. 당과 인산은 각각의 Deoxyribonucleotide가 연결되게 유지해주는 역할을 하고 염기가 유전정보를 가지고 있으며 이 염기의 배열이 유전정보 즉 단백질의 합성에 필요한 정보를 가지고 있다. DNA를 이루는 염기는 4개로 아데닌(adenine), 구아닌(guanine), 티민(thymine), 시토신(cytosine)의 4가지이다. 4개의 염기가 섞여있는 배열을 한 개의 단백질로 합성을 하기 위해서는 이 배열을 해독하는 방법이 있어야 한다. 즉 그 방법은 3개의 염기의 배열을 하나의 아미노산에 대응시켜서 각 아미노산의 서열을 정하고 단백질을 만드는 것이다. 예를 들면 cytosine-cytosine-cytosine이라는 배열은 proline이라는 단백질을 의미하는 것으로 읽혀지게 된다. 이렇게 아무런 규칙이 없는 것 같은 염기서열을 하나의 아미노산과 대응시켜서 읽는 방법이 유전부호이다. |
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| AGA | accelerated growth area; allergic granulomatosis and angiitis; American Gastroenterological Associat... |
|---|---|
| Gen | genetics, genetic; genus |
| genet | genetic, genetics |
| GENETOX | Genetic Toxicology [data base] |
| GH | general health; general hospital; genetic hypertension; genetically hypertensive [rat]; geniohyoid; ... |
| GAERS | Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg |
|---|---|
| GA | Genetic Algorithm |
| GH | Genetic Hemochromatosis |
| GSE | genetic suppressor element |
| PGD | Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis |
| pure random drift | That which has random components only with an average value of zero and no systematic effects. Brownian movement in a still container shows pure random drift but in the Mississippi shows a steady downstream tendency. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| genetic drift | <genetics> The random change of the occurance of a particular gene in a population, genetic drift is thought to be one cause of speciation when a group oforganisms is separated from its parent population. (09 Oct 1997) |
| antigenic drift | <immunology> A change that occurs on the molecular level to effect a change in the antigenicity of a bacteria or virus. Antigenic drift occurs naturally and more rapidly in certain viruses (for example HIV). It is antigenic drift which complicates the development of an effective HIV (AIDS) vaccine. (27 Sep 1997) |
| drift | Collectively, stream invertebrates (almost wholly the aquatic larval stages of insects) that voluntarily or accidentally leave the substrate to move or float with the current, as well as terrestrial invertebrates that drop into the stream. Also, any detrital material transported in the water current. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift cyclotron loss cone instabilities | (DCLC) This is an electrostatic microinstability (frequencies at harmonics of the ion cyclotron frequency) which is of major concern in small mirror devices. Mode is driven by radial gradients in the electron density, and causes loss of ions due to non-conservation of magnetic moment (see adiabatic invariant) as they interact with the mode, and are dispersed in velocity space into the loss cone. Stabilisation is accomplished by increasing the plasma size and by partially filling the loss cone with a continuous extermal warm plasma stream. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift feeder | Fish and other predators that forage on invertebrates drifting on the water surface or in the water column. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift line | An accumulation of water-carried debris along a contour or at the base of vegetation that provides direct evidence of prior inundation and often indicates the directional flow of flood waters. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift motion | <radiobiology> Ordinarily particles placed in a magnetic field will simply orbit in circles, but if the magnetic field is not uniform, or curves, or there is an electrical field perpendicular to the magnetic field, or another force is applied perpendicular to the magnetic field, then the guiding centres of the particle orbits will drift (generally perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the applied force). (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift movements | Slow ocular movements of greater amplitude than flicks, occurring during ocular fixation. Synonym: drift movements. (05 Mar 2000) |
| drift pumping | <radiobiology> A process that removes ions trapped in a thermal barrier using radial transport induced by an externally-applied radiofrequency field tuned to resonate with the azimuthal drift frequency. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift surface | <radiobiology> Surface on which the guiding centre of a particle is constrained to move, due to the effects of the laws of adiabatic invariance on its drift motion. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift velocity | <radiobiology> Characteristic velocity at which the centre of a particle's orbit (guiding centre) drifts when drift motion (see above) occurs. (09 Oct 1997) |
| drift wave | <radiobiology> Oscillations in a magnetically-confined plasma arising in the presence of density gradients (such as at the plasma's surface). These resemble the waves that propagate at the interface of two fluids with different density in a gravitational field. (09 Oct 1997) |
| random | 1. Force; violence. "For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and force." (E. Hall) 2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; commonly used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard. "Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily." (Herrick) "O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the archer little meant !" (Sir W. Scott) 3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of a rifle ball. 4. <chemical> The direction of a rake-vein. Origin: OE. Randon, OF. Randon force, violence, rapidity, a randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. Of German origin; cf. G. Rand edge, border, OHG. Rant shield, edge of a shield, akin to E. Rand, n. See Rand. Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess. "Some random truths he can impart." (Wordsworth) "So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random." (H. <medicine> Spencer) Random courses, stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| random allocation | A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects. (12 Dec 1998) |
| random genetic drift |
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that acts in concert with natural selection to change the characteristics of species over time. It is a stochastic effect that arises from the role of random sampling in the production of offspring. Like selection, it acts on populations, altering the frequency of alleles and the predominance of traits amongst members of a population, and changing the diversity of the group. ...
출처: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_genetic_drift
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| random genetic drift |
Random fluctuations in allele frequencies between generations owing to sampling effects. It increases as the effective population size decreases.
출처: www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n12/glossary/nrg1226...
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| random genetic drift |
Fluctuation in the frequencies of neutral genes and neutral alleles in a population due to the fact that each generation is only a sample of the one it replaces.
출처: www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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