| predictive validity | Criterion-related validity used to predict performance in a real-life task at a future time. See: construct validity, criterion-related validity. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| predictive value | An expresion of the likelihood that a given test result correlates with the presence or absence of disease. A positive predictive value is the ratio of patients with the disease who test positive to the entire population of individuals with a positive test result; a negative predictive value is the ratio of patients without the disease who test negative to the entire population of individuals with a negative test. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| predictive value of tests | In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test. (12 Dec 1998) |
| validity | 1. The extent to which a measurement, test or study measures what it purports to measure. 2. Occasionally, accuracy. (18 Nov 1997) |
| concurrent validity | An index of criterion-related validity used to predict performance in a real-life situation given at about the same time as the test or procedure; the extent to which the index from one test correlates with that of a nonidentical test or index; e.g., how well a score on an aptitude test correlates with the score on an intelligence test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| construct validity | The extent to which a test or procedure appears to measure a higher order, inferred theoretical construct, or trait in contrast to measuring a more limited, specific dimension; e.g., a sychrony in the scores on the Stanford-Binet Test, on a test of information processing, and the rate of glucose metabolism in the brain all are indices of intelligence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| content validity | The extent to which the items of a test or procedure are in fact a representative sample of that which is to be measured; e.g., items relating to ability in arithmetic and defining words are appropriate content for an intelligence test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| criterion-related validity | The degree of effectiveness with which performance on a test or procedure predicts performance in a real-life situation; e.g., a good correlation between a score on an intelligence test such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test and one's 4-year college grade point average. (05 Mar 2000) |
| face validity | The extent to which the items of a test or procedure appear superficially to sample that which is to be measured. (05 Mar 2000) |