| potassium sparing diuretics | Diuretic agents that, unlike most diuretics, retain potassium; examples are triamterene and amiloride. Often used together with diuretics that promote the loss of both sodium and potassium. Used in hypertension and in congestive heart failure. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| partial face-sparing lipodystrophy | A syndrome beginning at puberty that resembles total lipodystrophy but is inherited as an autosomal or X-linked dominant form. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| sparing action | The manner in which a nonessential nutritive component, by its presence in the diet, lowers the dietary requirement for an essential component; thus, nonessential l-cysteine spares essential l-methionine and nonessential l-tyrosine spares essential l-phenylalanine. Synonym: sparing phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sparing phenomenon | The manner in which a nonessential nutritive component, by its presence in the diet, lowers the dietary requirement for an essential component; thus, nonessential l-cysteine spares essential l-methionine and nonessential l-tyrosine spares essential l-phenylalanine. Synonym: sparing phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mercurial diuretics | Diuretic drugs containing organic mercury (e.g., Mercuhydrin) which promote substantial salt and water loss through the kidney. Among the first potent diuretic agents used in congestive heart failure, but now obsolescent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diuretics | Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diuretics, mercurial | A group of organometallic compounds, now rarely used, that promote diuresis by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diuretics, osmotic | Diuretics that are filtered at the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the renal tubule only to a limited extent. They thus increase the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine and a corresponding increase in urine volume. These compounds also increase the osmolality of plasma, thereby increasing the diffusion of water from the intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids; they can be used for reducing the pressure and volume of these fluids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diuretics, sulfamyl | Diuretics containing one or more sulfonamide groups. They are similar to the benzothiazide diuretics in their pharmacological actions, but differ chemically in the nature of the heterocyclic ring. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diuretics, thiazide | Diuretics characterised as analogs of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide. All have a common mechanism of action and differ primarily in the dose required to produce a given effect. They act directly on the kidney to increase the excretion of sodium chloride and water and also increase excretion of potassium ions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| osmotic diuretics | Drugs, such as mannitol, which by their osmotic effects retain water during urine formation and thus dilute electrolytes in the urine, making resorption less efficient; they promote the elimination of water and electrolytes in the urine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-phenoxyethylpenicillin potassium | A penicillin preparation that is stable in gastric acid and is rapidly but only partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Synonym: alpha-phenoxyethylpenicillin potassium, penicillin B. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-phenoxypropylpenicillin potassium | A semisynthetic acid-stable penicillin that may be more effective than penicillin G. Synonym: alpha-phenoxypropylpenicillin potassium. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aluminum potassium sulfate | AlK(SO4)2;an astringent and styptic; also used in veterinary medicine for ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhoea, and conjunctivitis. Synonym: potassium alum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination | <chemical> A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate, an aminopenicillin, and potassium clavulanate, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, used to treat broad-spectrum antibacterial infections, especially of resistant strains. Pharmacological action: antibiotics, combined, antibiotics, lactam, enzyme inhibitors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antimony potassium tartrate | <chemical> Bis(mu-(2,3-dihydroxybutanedioato(4-)-o(1),o(2):o(3),o(4)))diantimonate(2-) dipotassium trihydrate, stereoisomer. A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects. Pharmacological action: schistosomicides. Chemical name: Antimonate(2-), bis(mu-(2,3-dihydroxybutanedioato(4-)-O1,O2:O3,O4))di-, dipotassium, trihydrate, stereoisomer (12 Dec 1998) |