| polymerase | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates, assembling RNA from ribonucleotides or DNA from deoxyribonucleotides. (14 Oct 1997) |
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| polymerase a | A class of mammalian DNA polymerases in the nucleus that function in chromosome replication. Synonym: polymerase a. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase alpha | A class of mammalian DNA polymerases in the nucleus that function in chromosome replication. Synonym: polymerase a. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase b | A class of mammalian DNA polymerases in the nucleus that do not have a role in replication but may function in DNA repair. Synonym: polymerase b. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase beta | A class of mammalian DNA polymerases in the nucleus that do not have a role in replication but may function in DNA repair. Synonym: polymerase b. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase chain reaction | <molecular biology, technique> The first practical system for in vitro amplification of DNA and as such one of the most important recent developments in molecular biology. Two synthetic oligonucleotide primers, which are complementary to two regions of the target DNA (one for each strand) to be amplified, are added to the target DNA (that need not be pure), in the presence of excess deoxynucleotides and Taq polymerase, a heat stable DNA polymerase. In a series (typically 30) of temperature cycles, the target DNA is repeatedly denatured (around 90_C), annealed to the primers (typically at 50-60_C) and a daughter strand extended from the primers (72_C). As the daughter strands themselves act as templates for subsequent cycles, DNA fragments matching both primers are amplified exponentially, rather than linearly. The original DNA need thus be neither pure nor abundant and the polymerase chain reaction has accordingly become widely used not only in research, but in clinical diagnostics and forensic science. Acronym: PCR (14 Oct 1997) |
| polymerase g | A class of mammalian DNA polymerases in the mitochondria responsible for replication of the mitochondrial genome. Synonym: polymerase g. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase gamma | A class of mammalian DNA polymerases in the mitochondria responsible for replication of the mitochondrial genome. Synonym: polymerase g. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase, DNA | Enzyme that catalyses (speeds) the polymerization of DNA. DNA polymerase uses preexisting nucleic acid templates and assembles the DNA from deoxyribonucleotides. (12 Dec 1998) |
| polymerase, DNA or RNA | Enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of nucleic acids on pre-existing nucleic acid templates, assembling RNA from ribonucleotides or DNA from deoxyribonucleotides. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polymerase, RNA | Enzyme that catalyses (speeds) the polymerization of RNA. Rna polymerase uses preexisting nucleic acid templates and assembles the RNA from ribonucleotides. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase | <enzyme> Used for the rapid generation of strand-specific RNA molecules that can be used for the identification of genes in hybridization experiments Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: t3 RNA polymerase (26 Jun 1999) |
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| bacteriophage T7 induced DNA polymerase | <enzyme> Complex of two proteins, phage gene 5 protein and E coli thioredoxin Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: t7 phage DNA polymerase, sequenase, t7 DNA polymerase, thermo sequenase (26 Jun 1999) |
| ribonucleotide polymerase | <enzyme> DNA-dependent Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: oligonucleotide polymerase, decaribonucleotide polymerase (26 Jun 1999) |
| ribose polymerase | <enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the attachment of ADP ribose units to various nuclear proteins. This post translational modification of proteins is dependent on DNA and appears to be involved in the regulation of various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation and transformation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| RNA-directed DNA polymerase | <enzyme> An enzyme that synthesises DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. Chemical name: Deoxynucleotide-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) Registry number: EC 2.7.7.49 (12 Dec 1998) |
| RNA polymerase | <enzyme, molecular biology> An enzyme that polymerise ribonucleotides in accordance with the information present in DNA. Prokaryotes have a single enzyme for the three RNA types that is subject to stringent regulatory mechanisms. Eukaryotes have type I that synthesises all rRNA except the 5S component, type II that synthesises mRNA and hnRNA and type III that synthesises tRNA and the 5S component of rRNA. (23 Aug 1998) |
| RNA polymerase I | <enzyme> A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. The enzyme functions in the nucleolar structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salts than RNA polymerase II and III and is not inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| RNA polymerase II | <enzyme> A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| RNA polymerase III | <enzyme> A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| Pfu DNA polymerase | <enzyme> From pyrococcus furiosus; shows sequence homology with alpha-like DNA polymerases; amino acid sequence given in first source Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: pfu polymerase (26 Jun 1999) |
| MIP1 DNA polymerase | <enzyme> From saccharomyces cerevisiae; has structural similarity with the E coli DNA polymerase i-type enzymes Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: mip1 gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| MS2 polymerase | <enzyme> Used in formation of fusion proteins Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| poly(3-hydroxyalkenoate)polymerase | <enzyme> Forms polyesters from medium chain length 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: pha polymerase, phac1 gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| poly(A) polymerase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of a poly(adenylic acid) sequence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| poly-a polymerase | <enzyme> An enzyme in the nucleus of acell that adds several adenine nucleotidesto the 3' end of a primarytranscript messenger RNA. (09 Oct 1997) |