| anti-obesity agents | Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm) to treat obesity. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| central obesity | The deposition of obesity around the trunk sparing the limbs. (27 Sep 1997) |
| risks, obesity-related | Obesity increases the risk of developing a number of diseases including: type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes high blood pressure (hypertension) stroke (cerebrovascular accident or cva) heart attack (myocardial infarction or mi) heart failure (congestive heart failure) cancer (only certain forms such as prostate and colon cancer) gallstones and gall bladder disease (cholecystitis) gout and gouty arthritis osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) of the knees, hips, and the lower back sleep apnea (failure to breath normally during sleep, lowering blood oxygen) pickwickian syndrome (obesity, red face, underventilation, and drowsiness) (12 Dec 1998) |
| morbid obesity | Obesity sufficient to prevent normal activity or physiologic function, or to cause the onset of a pathologic condition. Simple obesity, obesity resulting when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hypothalamic obesity with hypogonadism | A disorder characterised primarily by obesity and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in adolescent boys; dwarfism is rare, and when present is thought to reflect hypothyroidism. Visual loss, behavioural abnormalities, and diabetes insipidus may occur. Frohlich's syndrome often is used synonymously for this disorder, although the original case involved a pituitary tumour; most cases are thought to result from hypothalamic dysfunction in areas regulating appetite and gonadal development. The most common causes are pituitary and hypothalamic neoplasms. Synonym: adiposis orchica, adiposogenital degeneration, adiposogenital dystrophy, adiposogenital syndrome, hypophysial syndrome, hypothalamic obesity with hypogonadism. Origin: L. Fr. G. Dys-, bad, + trophe, nourishment (05 Mar 2000) |
| diseases, obesity-related | Obesity increases the risk of developing a number of diseases including: Type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Stroke (cerebrovascular accident or CVA) Heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI) Heart failure (congestive heart failure) Cancer (only certain forms such as prostate and colon cancer) Gallstones and gall bladder disease (cholecystitis) Gout and gouty arthritis Osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) of the knees, hips, and the lower back Sleep apnea (failure to breath normally during sleep, lowering blood oxygen) Pickwickian syndrome (obesity, red face, underventilation, and drowsiness). (12 Dec 1998) |
| obesity | <clinical sign> An increase in body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirement, as the result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. Origin: L. Obesus = fat (18 Nov 1997) |
| obesity index | Body weight divided by body volume. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obesity, morbid | The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. (12 Dec 1998) |
| obesity-related diseases | Obesity increases the risk of developing a number of diseases including: type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes high blood pressure (hypertension) stroke (cerebrovascular accident or cva) heart attack (myocardial infarction or mi) heart failure (congestive heart failure) cancer (only certain forms such as prostate and colon cancer) gallstones and gall bladder disease (cholecystitis) gout and gouty arthritis osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) of the knees, hips, and the lower back sleep apnea (failure to breath normally during sleep, lowering blood oxygen) pickwickian syndrome (obesity, red face, underventilation, and drowsiness). (12 Dec 1998) |
| paradoxical | Occurring at variance with the normal rule. (18 Nov 1997) |
| paradoxical contraction | A tonic contraction of the anterior tibial muscles when a sudden passive dorsal flexion of the foot is made. (05 Mar 2000) |
| paradoxical diaphragm phenomenon | In pyopneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, and some cases of injury, the diaphragm on the affected side rises during inspiration and falls during expiration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| paradoxical embolism | Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off (embolise) , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge. The lungs act as a filter to prevent the clots from entering the arterial circulation. However, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect), a clot can cross from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries as a paradoxical embolism. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Because of the risk of stroke from paradoxical embolism, it is usually recommended that even small atrial septal defects be repaired. Also called crossed embolism. (12 Dec 1998) |
| paradoxical extensor reflex | <clinical sign> Extension of the great toe and abduction of the other toes instead of the normal flexion reflex to plantar stimulation, considered indicative of pyramidal tract involvement ("positive" Babinski). Synonym: Babinski reflex, Babinski's phenomenon, great-toe reflex, paradoxical extensor reflex, toe phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |