| acalculous cholecystitis | <radiology> 5-10% of acute cholecystitis aetiology: depressed motility and starvation: trauma, burns, surgery, TPN, anaesthesia, narcotics, decreased blood flow through cystic artery: congestive heart failure, arteriosclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, shock, obstruction of cystic duct by extrinsic inflammation, lymphadenopathy, metastases, infection: Salmonella, cholera, Kawasaki syndrome (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| acute cholecystitis | <radiology> 80-95% secondary to cystic duct obstruction by gallstone, 5-6th decade; 75% female ultrasound (sensitivity 85-95%; specificity 64-100%): gall bladder wall thickening (greater than3mm), halo sign = gall bladder wall lucency (in 70%), gall bladder hydrops = AP diameter more than 5cm, sonographic Murphy sign (85%), pericholecystic fluid, hepatobiliary scan (95% accuracy): nonvisualization of gallbladder complications: gangrene, irregular wall (ulcers, intraluminal hemmorhage, necrosis), hyperechoic foci within gall bladder wall (microabscesses in Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses), perforation (5-10%): most commonly in fundus, empyema: gravity dependent debris (12 Dec 1998) |
| cholecystitis | <pathology, surgery> Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. See: biliary tract. (15 Jan 1998) |
| chronic cholecystitis | <radiology> most common form of gallbladder inflammation, gallstones, gallbladder wall thickening, small gallbladder hepatobiliary scan: normal gall bladder visualization in most patients, delayed gall bladder visualization; visualization of bowel before gall bladder (sensitivity 45%, specificity 90%), noncontractility/decreased response after CCK (12 Dec 1998) |
| xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis | Chronic cholecystitis with conspicuous nodular infiltration by lipid macrophages; may be associated with biliary obstruction by calculi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| emphysematous cholecystitis | <radiology> Ring of air in RUQ, Differential diagnosis: pneumatosis coli, lipomatosis of gall bladder (rare!), follow plain X-ray with ultrasound, males (3:1), especially diabetics, usually acalculous, high mortality (12 Dec 1998) |
| cardiopulmonary obstructive shock | <cardiology> This term describes a number of conditions that involve a severe disturbance of the cardiopulmonary circuit resulting in shock (inadequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues). Examples include: pulmonary embolism, pericardial tamponade, pneumothorax and constrictive pericarditis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | <disease> A progressive disease process that most commonly results from smoking. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by difficulty breathing, wheezing and a chronic cough. Treatment includes absolute avoidance from smoking, bronchodilators and oxygen for those with advanced disease. Complications include bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer. See: emphysema. (27 Sep 1997) |
| diffuse obstructive emphysema | The major component of chronic obstructive lung disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obstructive apnea | Peripheral apnea, apnea either as the result of obstruction of the air passages or inadequate respiratory muscle activity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obstructive appendicitis | Acute appendicitis due to infection of retained secretion behind an obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith or some other cause, including carcinoma of the caecum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obstructive dysmenorrhoea | Dysmenorrhoea due to obstruction of discharge of menstrual blood, as in cervical stenosis. Synonym: obstructive dysmenorrhoea. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obstructive hydrocephalus | Hydrocephalus secondary to a block in cerebrospinal fluid flow in the ventricular system or between the ventricular system and spinal canal. Synonym: noncommunicating hydrocephalus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obstructive jaundice | Jaundice resulting from obstruction to the flow of bile into the duodenum, whether intra-or extrahepatic. Synonym: mechanical jaundice. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obstructive lung disease | <chest medicine> A form of lung disease that manifests as acute or chronic, narrowing or blockage of the smaller airways in the lungs, causing increased resistance to airflow in the bronchial tubes (for example asthma, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from smoking). (27 Sep 1997) |