| 영문 | Gram stain | 한글 | 그람염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미생물을 염색하는 방법 중의 하나. 1884년 덴마크의 의사 H.C.J. 그람(1853~ 1938)이 고안한 특수 염색법이다. 이 염색법을 사용하면 미생물은 양성균과 음성균의 2무리로 크게 나뉜다. 염색법은 균을 유리면에 바르고 가열 고정한다. 젠시안바이오렛, 크리스탈 바이오렛, 메틸바이오렛 등 파라로즈 아닐린계 색소의 어느 하나를 사용하여 우선 염색하고 이어서 루골액을 작용시킨 뒤, 에탄올 또는 아세톤으로 탈색한다. 이때 탈색되지 않고 보라색을 타나내는 것을 그람양성균이라 부르며, 포도알균-폐렴알균-사슬알균 등이 대표적인 예이다. 탈색되면 그람음성균이라 부르며, 대장균-녹농균 등이 있다. 최후에 사프라닌, 푹신 등 적색계의 색소액으로 후염색을 한다. 미생물의 감별에 중요한 염색법이며 염색성의 차이는 영양요구성, 화학요법제(항생물질 등)에 대한 감수성의 차이와도 관련되는 점이 많으므로 사용약제의 선택시에도 중요한 역할을 한다. 그람양성균과 음성균의 차이는 세균벽의 구조에 있는데, 양성균은 세포막의 바깥쪽 펩티드글리칸이라는 당단백질층의 두께가 20~80nm나 되고, 그램음성균의 펩티드글리칸 층은 2~3nm로 얇고, 다시 바깥쪽에 외막이라 부르는 층이 있다. |
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| ECG | Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도 = EKG 1. Conducting System Structu... |
|---|---|
| AFB Stain | Acid Fast Bacilli Stain |
| HE stain | Hematoxylin-Eosin stain |
| WS | Waardenburg syndrome; ward secretary; Warkany syndrome; Warthin-Starry [stain]; water soluble; water... |
| NPV | negative predictive value; pressure value; negative pressure ventilation; net present value; nuclear... |
| PWS | Port Wine Stain |
|---|---|
| CNS | Coagulase Negative Staphylococci |
| CNS | Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus |
| CONS | Coagulase negative staphylococci |
| CNV | Contingent Negative Variation |
Zeune's law 맹인의 수는 적도에 가까운 열대지방에서 증가한다.
zidovudin
| negative stain | <technique> Stain forming an opaque or coloured background against which the object to be demonstrated appears as a translucent or colourless area; in electron microscopy, an electron opaque material, such as phosphotungstic acid or sodium phosphotungstate, is used to give detail as to surface structure. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| negative staining | Microscopic technique in which the object stands out against a dark background of stain. For electron microscopy the sample is suspended in a solution of an electron dense stain such as sodium phosphotungstate and then sprayed onto a support grid. The stain dries as structureless solid and fills all crevices in the sample. When examined in the electron microscope the sample appears as a light object against a dark background. Quite fine structural detail can be observed using negative staining and it has been used extensively to study the structure of viruses and other particulate samples. (18 Nov 1997) |
| bone scan: falsely negative metastases | <radiology> Anaplastic tumours, reticulum cell sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, histiocytosis, neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma (positive scan usually due to recent or impending fracture) (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| ventilators, negative-pressure | Body ventilators that assist ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. They are relatively simple to operate and do not require tracheostomy. These devices include the tank ventilators ("iron lung"), portalung, pneumowrap, and chest cuirass ("tortoise shell"). (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative | <microbiology> A common class of bacteria normally found in the gastrointestinal tract that can be responsible for disease in man (sepsis). Bacteria are considered to be gram-negative because of their characteristic staining properties under the microscope, where they either do not stain or are decolourised by alcohol during Gram's method of staining. This is a primary characteristic of bacteria that have a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan covered by an outer membrane of lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide containing endotoxin. The gram staining characteristics of bacteria have resulted in an important classification system for the identification of bacteria. See: gram-positive (06 Oct 1997) |
| gram-negative aerobic bacteria | <microbiology> A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci | <microbiology> A group of gram-negative bacteria consisting of rod- and coccus-shaped cells. They are both aerobic (able to grow under an air atmosphere) and microaerophilic (grow better in low concentrations of oxygen) under nitrogen-fixing conditions but, when supplied with a source of fixed nitrogen, they grow as aerobes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative anaerobic bacteria | <microbiology> A large group of anaerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative anaerobic cocci | <microbiology> A group of anaerobic coccoid bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative anaerobic straight, curved, and helical rods | <microbiology> A group of anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative bacteria | <microbiology> Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by gram's method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative bacterial infections | <microbiology> Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative chemolithotrophic bacteria | <microbiology> A large group of bacteria including those which oxidise ammonia or nitrite, metabolise sulfur and sulfur compounds, or deposit iron and/or manganese oxides. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods | <microbiology> A large group of facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gram-negative oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria | <microbiology> Widely distributed unicellular or multicellular bacteria. The cyanobacteria use chlorophyll a and phycobilins for oxygenic photosynthesis while genera in the prochlorales use both chlorophyll a and b but not phycobilins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| contingent negative variation | An increasing negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials associated with an anticipated response to an expected stimulus. It is an electrical event indicative of a state of readiness or expectancy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| positive-negative pressure breathing | Inflation of the lungs with positive pressure and deflation with negative pressure by an automatic ventilator. (05 Mar 2000) |
Synonyms : Staining, Negative
| negative stain |
A procedure in which the background is stained whereas the specimen is not.
출처: www.pestmanagement.co.uk/lib/glossary/glossary_n.s...
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
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