| monosaccharide | <biochemistry> A simple sugar that cannot be hydrolysed to smaller units. Empirical formula is (CH2O)n and range in size from trioses (n=3) to heptoses (n=7). (18 Nov 1997) |
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| monosaccharide transport proteins | Membrane transport proteins which bind glucose and sodium ions and enter the cell together. The sodium ions are then pumped out of the cell by a sodium potassium atpase. The rate and extent of the sugar transport depends on the sodium ion concentration. Inhibitors of the monosaccharide transport system are phlorizin, cytochalasin b, and inhibitors of the sodium potassium atpase system. Insulin increases the rate of monosaccharide transport across the membrane into the cell. (12 Dec 1998) |
| monosaccharides | Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colourless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula cnh2non. (12 Dec 1998) |