| 영문 | odor | 한글 | 냄새 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 코로 맡을 수 있는 온갖 기운. 2. 냄새가 나는 물질의 분자가 비강상부에 있는 후각수용기를 자극함으로써 생기는 화학감각. 일반 화학감각은 모든 동물에 갖추어져 있어 온몸에 이런 종류의 감각세포가 분포해 있으나, 후각은 비교적 고등한 동물이 갖추고 있는 감각으로서, 동물체 내의 특별한 부분이 후각기로 발달되어 있다. 냄새를 감각하는 곳은 후각상피라고 하는 점막 조직인데, 비강에 면하여 후각세포가 다수 밀생해 있다. 이 후각세포가 자극을 받으면 그 신호가 뇌에 전달되어 후각중추에서 냄새감각, 즉 후각을 일으키게 된다. 후각세포를 자극하는 것은 냄새가 나는 물질에서 확산되어 나온 휘발성의 미립자인데, 이것이 공기에 섞여 비강 속으로 들어와 후각상피 표면의 점막 속으로 녹아 들어가서 후각세포를 자극하게 된다. 후각은 시각에 대한 빛이나 청각에 대한 소리와 같이 냄새를 내는 물질로부터 상당한 거리에 떨어져 있어도 이것을 감각할 수 있다. 또한, 후각 그 자체는 방향성이 없는 감각이지만, 냄새는 다른 감각의 협력을 얻어 방향성이 있는 반응을 추적해 갈 수가 있다. 개는 냄새를 맡아 목적물을 추적할 수가 있고, 나방이나 초파리는 수 km나 떨어진 곳에서 내는 암컷의 유인성 물질의 냄새를 맡고 거기까지 도달한다. |
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| MIO | minimum identifiable odor; modular input/output |
|---|---|
| MRD | maximum rate of depolarization; measles-rindenpest-distemper [virus group]; medical records departme... |
| MPO | maximum power output; minimal perceptible odor; myeloperoxidase |
| MRO | master reference oscillator; medical review officer; minimal recognizable odor; muscle receptor orga... |
| MBD | Marchiafava-Bignami disease; Mental Deterioration Battery; methylene blue dye; minimal brain damage;... |
| EMEM | Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium |
|---|---|
| MAS | Minimal Access Surgery |
| MAC | Minimal Alveolar Concentration |
| MBC | Minimal Bactericidal Concentration |
| MBD | Minimal Brain Dysfunction |
| minimal | Smallest or least, the smallest possible. Origin: L. Minimus = least (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| minimal air | The volume of gas that remains in the lungs and cannot be expelled after they have been removed from the body, or after the chest has been opened. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal alveolar concentration | The end-alveolar concentration of an inhalation anaesthetic which prevents somatic response to a painful stimulus in 50% of individuals; an index of relative potency of inhalation anaesthetics. Synonym: minimal anaesthetic concentration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal amplitude nystagmus | Nystagmus of so small an amplitude that it is not detected by the usual clinical tests. Synonym: minimal amplitude nystagmus. Origin: micro-+ G. Nystagmos, a nodding (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal anaesthetic concentration | The end-alveolar concentration of an inhalation anaesthetic which prevents somatic response to a painful stimulus in 50% of individuals; an index of relative potency of inhalation anaesthetics. Synonym: minimal anaesthetic concentration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal brain dysfunction | An inability to control behaviour due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli. (12 Dec 1998) |
| minimal-change disease | <nephrology> A disorder of the kidneys which largely affects the glomerulus, the blood filtering structure. This disorder is one common cause of nephrotic syndrome, minimal glomerular changes, in children affecting 2 to 3 children per 100,000 population under age 16 in the USA. Minimal change disease is also seen rarely in adults. The cause is unknown but may be related to an autoimmune illness. It is marked by oedema, albuminuria, and an increase in cholesterol in the blood, but otherwise with fairly good renal function. Tubular epithelium is vacuolated by cholesterol droplets, but the glomeruli show only that the foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells are fused, probably secondary to the proteinuria; the cause of the increased glomerular permeability to plasma protein is unknown. Risk factors include a history for a immune disorder, recent immunisation or a bee sting. Diagnosis is made by renal biopsy. Treatment include systemic corticosteroids which are usually quite effective in curing this disease. Other medications include chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide. In most cases, a moderate protein diet (1 gram protein per Kg body weight per day) will be recommended. Salt (sodium) restriction can be helpful to reduce swelling and vitamin D is usually supplemented. Synonym: lipoid nephrosis (27 Sep 1997) |
| minimal-change nephrotic syndrome | <nephrology> A disorder of the kidneys which largely affects the glomerulus, the blood filtering structure. This disorder is one common cause of nephrotic syndrome, minimal glomerular changes, in children affecting 2 to 3 children per 100,000 population under age 16 in the USA. Minimal change disease is also seen rarely in adults. The cause is unknown but may be related to an autoimmune illness. It is marked by oedema, albuminuria, and an increase in cholesterol in the blood, but otherwise with fairly good renal function. Tubular epithelium is vacuolated by cholesterol droplets, but the glomeruli show only that the foot processes of the glomerular epithelial cells are fused, probably secondary to the proteinuria; the cause of the increased glomerular permeability to plasma protein is unknown. Risk factors include a history for a immune disorder, recent immunisation or a bee sting. Diagnosis is made by renal biopsy. Treatment include systemic corticosteroids which are usually quite effective in curing this disease. Other medications include chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide. In most cases, a moderate protein diet (1 gram protein per Kg body weight per day) will be recommended. Salt (sodium) restriction can be helpful to reduce swelling and vitamin D is usually supplemented. Synonym: lipoid nephrosis (27 Sep 1997) |
| minimal deviation melanoma | <dermatology, tumour> A malignant melanoma showing less cytologic atypia than is usual in melanoma cells showing asymmetric expansile invasion of the dermis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal dose | <pharmacology> The smallest amount of a drug or physical procedure that will produce a desired physiologic effect in an adult. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal infecting dose | <microbiology> The smallest quantity of infectious material regularly producing infection; usually expressed as I.D.50, the quantity causing infection in 50% of a suitable series of animals or cells (cell cultures). (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal inhibitory concentration | <microbiology, pharmacology> The lowest concentration of antibiotic sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth when tested in vitro. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal lethal dose | <pharmacology> The minimal dose of a toxic substance or infectious agent that is lethal, as assayed in various experimental animals (e.g., the least amount of diphtheria toxin that, on an average, kills a 250-g guinea pig within 96 hours after subcutaneous inoculation). When followed by a subscript (generally "MLD50"), denotes the minimal dose that is lethal to a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of animals so assayed, LD05. See: lethal dose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal medium | <cell culture> The simplest tissue culture medium that will support the proliferation of normal cells. (18 Nov 1997) |
| minimal reacting dose | The minimal dose of a toxic substance causing a reaction, as manifested in the skin of a series of susceptible test animals; the assay is based on the development of a characteristic, minimal but definite, "standard," focal inflammation (congestion and oedema, induration, degenerative changes, and desquamation of epidermal cells). (05 Mar 2000) |
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|
제품명 |
판매사 |
보험코드 | 성분/함량 | 구분/보험급여 |
|---|