| lateral aberrant thyroid carcinoma | <tumour> A cervical nodule of thyroid carcinoma situated outside the thyroid gland, formerly thought to arise from ectopic thyroid tissue but now believed to be metastatic from an occult carcinoma within the gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| lateral mammary branches of lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves | Branches arising from the lateral cutaneous branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves (intercostal nerves) T-3 to T-6 which run anteriorly to supply the lateral aspect of the breast. Synonym: rami mammarii laterales rami cutanei lateralis nervorum thoracicorum, rami mammarii laterales rami cutanei lateralis nervorum intercostalium, lateral mammary branches of lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral mammary branches of lateral cutaneous branches of thoracic spinal nerves | Branches arising from the lateral cutaneous branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves (intercostal nerves) T-3 to T-6 which run anteriorly to supply the lateral aspect of the breast. Synonym: rami mammarii laterales rami cutanei lateralis nervorum thoracicorum, rami mammarii laterales rami cutanei lateralis nervorum intercostalium, lateral mammary branches of lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral mammary branches of lateral thoracic artery | <anatomy, artery> Branches of the lateral thoracic artery which extend around the lateral borders of the pectoral muscles to supply the lateral aspect of the breast and mammary gland. Synonym: rami mammarii laterales arteriae thoracicae lateralis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral vein of lateral ventricle | A vein draining deep portions of the temporal and parietal lobes; it runs in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle to terminate in the superior thalamostriate vein. Synonym: vena ventriculi lateralis lateralis, lateral atrial vein, lateral vein of lateral ventricle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory thyroid | An isolated mass, or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, sometimes present in the side of the neck, or just above the hyoid bone (suprahyoid accessory thyroid gland), or even as low as the arch of the aorta. Synonym: glandula thyroidea accessoria, accessory thyroid, prehyoid gland, suprahyoid gland, thyroidea accessoria, thyroidea ima, Wolfler's gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory thyroid gland | An isolated mass, or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, sometimes present in the side of the neck, or just above the hyoid bone (suprahyoid accessory thyroid gland), or even as low as the arch of the aorta. Synonym: glandula thyroidea accessoria, accessory thyroid, prehyoid gland, suprahyoid gland, thyroidea accessoria, thyroidea ima, Wolfler's gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid | <oncology, tumour> An aggressive form and rare form of thyroid cancer that is one of the most rapidly growing and invasive types of thyroid cancer. It commonly occurs in people over 60 years of age and may cause obstruction of the trachea. The cause is unknown but exposure to radiation may be a factor. Thyroid function tests are usually normal. Hoarse voice, cough and coughing up blood are common symptoms. Examination may reveal nodules in the thyroid gland. Diagnosis is made via biopsy. Treatment is surgical with or without radiation therapy. (27 Sep 1997) |
| cancer, thyroid | Cancer of the gland in front of the neck that normally produces thyroid hormone which is important to the normal regulation of the metabolism of the body. There are four major types of cancer of the thyroid gland. Persons who received radiation to the head or neck in childhood should be examined by a doctor every 1 to 2 years. The most common symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump, or nodule, that can be felt in the neck. The only certain way to tell whether a thyroid lump is cancer is by examining the thyroid tissue obtained using a needle or surgery for biopsy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, thyroid hormone | Proteins, usually found in the nucleus, that specifically bind thyroid hormones and regulate DNA transcription. These proteins, termed c-erba, are activated by hormones and cause differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells which irreversibly lose proliferative potential. Thus c-erba proteins act as growth suppressors. The c-erba proteins are encoded by at least two genes, c-erba alpha and c-erba beta. Each of these has two isoforms. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the beta form causes thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| giant cell carcinoma of thyroid gland | A rapidly progressive undifferentiated carcinoma observed in the thyroid gland, characterised by numerous, unusually large, anaplastic cells derived from glandular epithelium of the thyroid gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glandular branches of inferior thyroid artery | <anatomy, artery> Branches of inferior thyroid artery to thyroid and parathyroid glands, anastomosing with branches of superior thyroid artery. Synonym: rami glandulares arteriae thyroideae inferioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pharyngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery | <anatomy, artery> Distributed to laryngopharynx. Synonym: rami pharyngeales arteriae thyroideae inferioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| middle thyroid vein | <anatomy, vein> It passes from the thyroid gland across the common carotid artery with the inferior thyroid arteries to empty into the internal jugular vein. Synonym: vena thyroidea media. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cold thyroid nodule | <radiology> Adenoma (75%), colloid cyst (10%), carcinoma (15%), mnemonic: CATCH PALLM colloid cyst, adenoma, thyroiditis, carcinoma, haematoma, parathyroid adenoma, abscess, lymph node, lymphoma, metastasis thyroid carcinoma, hot thyroid nodule (12 Dec 1998) |