| Wilder's law of initial value | The direction of response of a body function to any agent depends to a large degree on the initial level of that function. Synonym: law of initial value. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| initial | Pertaining to the very first stage of any process. Origin: L. Initialis, from initium = beginning (18 Nov 1997) |
| initial cell | Actively dividing plant cell in a meristem. at each division one daughter cell remains in the meristem as a new initial cell and the other is added to the growing plant body. Animal equivalent is a stem cell (potentially confusing terminology in plants). (18 Nov 1997) |
| initial contact | The first meeting of opposing teeth upon elevation of the mandible toward the maxillae, the initial occlusal contact of opposing teeth when the jaw is closed. (05 Mar 2000) |
| initial dose | A comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to get the patient under the influence of the drug. Synonym: loading dose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| initial haematuria | The presence of blood only in the first fraction of voided urine, usually indicating a urethral or prostatic source of bleeding. (05 Mar 2000) |
| initial heat | The first burst of heat produced after the beginning of a muscle twitch, described by A. V. Hill. (05 Mar 2000) |
| initial rate | The rate of a reaction, e.g., an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, at the early stages of the reaction such that the product(s) concentrations have not risen to a level to significantly affect the observable rate; typically, initial velocities are observed when less than 10% of the reaction's approach toward equilibrium has occurred. Synonym: initial rate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| initial velocity | The rate of a reaction, e.g., an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, at the early stages of the reaction such that the product(s) concentrations have not risen to a level to significantly affect the observable rate; typically, initial velocities are observed when less than 10% of the reaction's approach toward equilibrium has occurred. Synonym: initial rate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| law of initial value | The direction of response of a body function to any agent depends to a large degree on the initial level of that function. Synonym: law of initial value. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accelerated reaction | A response occurring in a shorter time than expected; the cutaneous manifestations occurring during the period between the second and tenth day following smallpox vaccination; because it is intermediate between a primary reaction and an immediate reaction, it is regarded as evidence of some degree of resistance. Synonym: vaccinoid reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid reaction | Any test by which an acid reaction is recognised such as the change of blue litmus paper to red, an excess of hydrogen ions over hydroxide ions in aqueous solution indicated by a pH value less than 7 (at 22캜). Compare: dissociation constant of water. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute-phase reaction | <immunology, rheumatology> Refers to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response, which provides rapid protection for the host against microorganisms via non-specific defense mechanisms. It consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma; the reaction is mediated by endogenous pyrogens, the hypothalamus, adrenal hormones, and other factors. (12 Jul 2000) |
| acute situational reaction | An acute emotional reaction related to extreme environmental stress. Synonym: acute situational reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute stress reaction | A sudden bout of anxiety that is often accompanied by the features of hyperventilation (tingling around mouth and in fingertips, rapid breathing, faintness or fainting). (27 Sep 1997) |